ヒトの腸内微生物群の多様性は,コレラ感染に対する感受性と耐性を左右する
Salma Alavi1, Jonathan D Mitchell1, Jennifer Y Cho2
1Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
Cell
|July 8, 2020
まとめ
肝要な腸内微生物は 胆汁塩ヒドローラゼを生成することで Vibrio cholerae 感染症から身を守ります この酵素は病原体の毒性を活性化する胆塩を分解し,個々の微生物の組成に基づいて感染感受性を低下させます.
科学分野:
- 微生物学
- 胃腸内科
- 免疫学
背景:
- ヒトの腸内微生物群は 胃腸に生息する多様な微生物群で構成されています
- 腸内細菌の多様性と腸内病原体に対する耐性との関係は不明である.
- この関係を理解することは 腸内感染症に対する効果的な戦略の開発に不可欠です
研究 の 目的:
- 腸内細菌の組成が 腸内病原体,特に Vibrio cholerae に対する感受性に影響するかを調査する.
- 特定の腸内微生物がV.コレラ感染に対する保護を与えるメカニズムを特定する.
- 腸内環境と病原体植民を調節する微生物酵素の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- ヒトの微生物群は 動物の感染モデルに移植されました
- 胆汁塩ヒドローラゼ (BSH) の活性と腸内化学への影響を分析した.
- V. コレラのコロニー化レベルは,微生物の組成とBSHの活性に関連して定量化されました.
- 胆汁塩であるタウロコラートのV.コレラの毒性遺伝子発現への影響が評価された.
主要な成果:
- 特定の微生物群は胆汁塩のヒドローラゼ活性によって腸の化学的環境を大きく形作ります
- BSHの活動は,V.コレラの毒性遺伝子発現を誘発する胆汁塩であるタウロコラートを分解する.
- 減少したBSH活動と特定の微生物種は,V. choleraeのコロニー化の増加と相関する.
- 感染感受性は微生物群特有であることが判明しました.
結論:
- 腸内微生物の組成,特にBSHを生成する種の存在は,V. choleraeに対する耐性には極めて重要です.
- BSHによるタウロコラートの分解は,V.コレラに対する重要な防御メカニズムです.
- 腸内微生物群の構造と機能を調節することで パーソナライズされたV.コレラ感染予防の可能性が生まれます
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