耕地で岩石の気象化を強化することで大規模なCO2除去の可能性
David J Beerling1, Euripides P Kantzas2, Mark R Lomas2
1Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. d.j.beerling@sheffield.ac.uk.
Nature
|July 10, 2020
まとめ
強化されたシリケート岩の気象処理 (ERW) は大気中の二酸化炭素 (CO2) を除去し,食糧と土壌の安全性にも寄与します. 主要な国々は エネルギー政策に関わらず 管理可能なコストで CO2除去の目標を達成できます
科学分野:
- 環境科学
- 気候科学
- 地化学
背景:
- 人為的な気候変動は,大気中の二酸化炭素の除去 (CDR) を必要とする.
- 強化されたシリケート岩の気象化 (ERW) は,耕地で展開可能な潜在的なCDR戦略です.
- ERWは 食糧と土壌の安全性の向上や 海洋酸性化の減少など 副利益をもたらします
研究 の 目的:
- 2050年に二酸化炭素除去 (CDR) のためのERWの初期技術経済評価を実施する.
- 各国のCDRの可能性と関連するコストを定量化します.
- 異なるエネルギー政策がERWの導入に与える影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 統合されたパフォーマンスモデリングアプローチ.
- 2050年の技術経済評価
- 異なるエネルギー政策シナリオにおけるCDRの可能性とコストの分析 (2°Cの温暖化緩和と通常通りのビジネス)
主要な成果:
- 中国,インド,米国,ブラジルは,ERWベースのCDRの大きな可能性を示しています.
- 年間0. 5~2ギガトンのCO2のグローバルCDR目標は,CO2の1トンあたり約80~180米ドルのコストで達成可能である.
- CDRの可能性とコストは,さまざまな将来のエネルギー政策で堅調です.
結論:
- 農業と気候政策を調和させています
- 政治的,社会的障壁を克服することは,ERWの実施に不可欠です.
- 工業用シリケート材料の使用は,新しい採掘の必要性を減らすことができますが,気象変動率と陸海移転の不確実性が存在します.
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