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関連する概念動画

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

727
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

675
Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
675
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

787
Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
787
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

542
Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
542
Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

3.0K
The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

338
Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
338

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Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
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非新発性IBDに罹患した大腸における体的進化

Sigurgeir Olafsson1, Rebecca E McIntyre1, Tim Coorens1

  • 1Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK.

Cell
|July 23, 2020
PubMed
まとめ

炎症性腸疾患 (IBD) は結腸細胞の変異率を2. 4倍に加速し,広範囲にわたるクローン拡張を引き起こします. 重要な遺伝子の体内変異はIBDの病原性にあることを示唆している.

キーワード:
クローン病IL17 についてPIGRZC3H12A炎症性腸疾患腸内皮質変異率変異シグネチャーソマティック変異潰瘍性大腸炎

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科学分野:

  • ゲノミクス
  • 胃腸内科
  • 癌 生物学

背景:

  • 炎症性腸疾患 (IBD) は,胃腸がんのリスクの増加に関連する慢性疾患です.
  • IBDのゲノム構造を理解することは,疾患のメカニズムと癌の発達を明らかにするために不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • IBD患者の結腸上皮細胞の体内の変異パターンを調査する.
  • IBDに罹患した結腸の変異パターンを,健康な結腸の変異パターンと比較する.
  • IBDにおけるポジティブな選択による遺伝子と経路の特定

主な方法:

  • 46人のIBD患者の全ゲノム解析
  • 41人の非IBD対照群の412人の結腸暗号と比較した.
  • 変異率,クローン拡大,選択圧力の分析

主要な成果:

  • IBDの結腸上皮細胞は,健康な対照群よりも平均で2. 4倍高い変異率を示しています.
  • 正常な結腸に共通する 急速な変異過程が この増加を促します
  • IBDでは,正常な結腸とは異なり,広範囲に広がる,ミリメートルスケールのクローン膨張が観察されました.
  • 陽性選択により,ARID1A,FBXW7,PIGR,ZC3H12A,およびIL-17/TLR経路遺伝子の非同義変異が特定されました.

結論:

  • 異なる選択メカニズムは,大腸炎に罹患した大腸と正常な大腸に比べて作用します.
  • ソマティック変異は炎症性腸疾患の発生に因果的な役割を果たす可能性があります.
  • これらの発見は,IBDに関連した癌の発達に関する洞察を提供します.