コルキシンアルカロイドの生物合成の発見と工学
Ryan S Nett1,2, Warren Lau1, Elizabeth S Sattely3,4
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Nature
|July 24, 2020
まとめ
研究者は重要な抗炎症薬であるコルキシンの 植物生物合成経路を解明しました グロリオサ・スーパーバの8つの遺伝子を特定し この貴重な薬剤の製造を可能にしました
科学分野:
- 植物生化学と薬用化合物の生合成
- 代謝工学と合成生物学について
背景:
- 多くの植物由来治療薬は植物から直接分離され,その生物合成経路の知識は不完全である.
- コルヒシンは,FDAが承認した抗炎症薬ですが,特定の植物種から採取されていますが,その生物合成は完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 遺伝子,ゲノム,または宿主の遺伝子ツールに関する事前の知識なしに,コルキシンのほぼ完全な生物合成経路を解明する.
- コルヒシンのユニークなトロポロン環と薬剤の形成に関与する重要な遺伝子と酵素を特定する.
主な方法:
- 生物合成遺伝子を発見するために 転写学,代謝論理,経路再構成を活用した.
- コルヒシンの前駆体であるN-フォルミルデコルシンの合成を担当するGloriosa superbaの8つの遺伝子を特定した.
- 重要な環膨張反応を触媒する新しいサイトクロームP450酵素を特徴付けました.
主要な成果:
- コルヒシンの前駆体であるN-フォルミルデコルシンの生物合成のための8つの遺伝子をグロリオサ・スーパーバで発見した.
- コルヒシンの構造に不可欠な環の拡張に関与するユニークな非正規のサイトクロームP450を特定した.
- ニコチア・ベンタミアナの16種の酵素経路を設計し,フェニララニンとチロシンからN-フォルミルデコルシンを生成した.
結論:
- トロポロンを含むコルキシンアルカロイドの代謝経路を確立した.
- 単純なアミノ酸から複雑な生物活性化合物を生成するための植物代謝経路の洞察を提供しました.
- 異種宿主における植物由来医薬品の生合成の可能性を示した.
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