リーフサメの世界的状況と保全の可能性
M Aaron MacNeil1, Demian D Chapman2, Michelle Heupel3
1Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. a.macneil@dal.ca.
Nature
|July 24, 2020
まとめ
過剰漁獲により 珊瑚礁のサメの個体数が大幅に減少し 調査されたサンゴ礁の20%近くで サメは発見されていないのです 海洋保護区や漁業制限などによる 保護活動により これらの重要な海洋捕食動物を 回復させることができます
科学分野:
- 海洋生物学
- 保護科学
- 漁業管理
背景:
- サメの個体数は 何十年にも渡って 過度な搾取によって減少しており 生態学的役割にも影響しています
- 現在のサメに関する知識は主に産業用漁業から得られており,沿岸のサンゴ礁種に関するデータは限られている.
研究 の 目的:
- 沿岸のサメ集団に関する知識の不足を解決する.
- 標準化されたデータを用いてリーフサメの地球規模の保護状況を推定する.
主な方法:
- 標準化された1万5千台以上の 遠隔水中ビデオステーションのデータを 利用した.
- 58カ国の 371のサンゴ礁で サンゴ礁サメの数を調査しました
主要な成果:
- 調査したサンゴ礁の20%近くでサメは観察されず,これは深刻な枯渇を示しています.
- サメの不在は社会経済的な要因と相関しています 市場との近接性,悪質なガバナンス,人口密度などです
- サメの保護区,閉鎖区域,捕獲制限,および網/ロングラインの禁止があるサンゴ礁では,サメの数が多かった.
結論:
- 漁業は世界のサンゴ礁サメ群に 深刻な悪影響を及ぼしています
- リーフサメの回復には 改善されたガバナンスや ターゲット化された漁業管理を含む 保護戦略が不可欠です
- トロピカルリーフサメの漁業を成功させるには,社会経済的要因に対処することが不可欠です.
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