健康なドナーおよびCOVID-19患者におけるSARS-CoV-2反応性T細胞
Julian Braun1,2, Lucie Loyal1,2, Marco Frentsch3
1Si-M/'Der Simulierte Mensch', Technische Universität Berlin and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Nature
|July 30, 2020
まとめ
SARS-CoV-2のスパイクタンパク質に反応する既存のCD4+T細胞は,健康な個体で発見され,これは先行的に流行しているコロナウイルスに感染した可能性が高い. この交叉反応はCOVID-19のパンデミック動態とワクチン試験に影響を与える可能性があります.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- ウイルス学
- 流行病学
背景:
- SARS-CoV-2によって引き起こされるCOVID-19のパンデミックは,さまざまな臨床結果を示しています.
- COVID-19の重度が変化するメカニズムは完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- COVID-19患者および暴露されていない健康なドナーにおけるSARS-CoV-2スパイク・グリコタンパク質に対するCD4+T細胞の反応性を調査する.
- 既存のT細胞反応の起源と影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- COVID-19患者および健康なドナーの周辺血液CD4+T細胞の分析.
- SARS-CoV-2のスパイクタンパク質内のT細胞表位認識の特徴化.
- SARS-CoV-2と固有のコロナウイルススパイクタンパク質に対するT細胞反応の比較.
主要な成果:
- スパイク反応性CD4+T細胞は,COVID-19患者の83%と健康なドナーの35%で検出されました.
- 健康なドナーでは,T細胞は主に固有のコロナウイルスに同類するC末端のエピトープを認識した.
- 生成されたT細胞系は,SARS-CoV-2と固有のコロナウイルススパイクタンパク質の交叉反応を示した.
結論:
- 固有のコロナウイルスに起因する可能性が高い,スパイクタンパク質のクロス反応性CD4+T細胞は,健康な人口の有意な部分に存在します.
- この既にある免疫は,COVID-19の臨床経過とワクチンの有効性に影響を与える可能性があります.
- これらの発見の臨床的意義を決定するために,より大きなコホートでのさらなる研究が必要である.
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