パパイン型のプロテアゼは,SARS-CoV-2 ウイルスの拡散と先天的な免疫を調節する
Donghyuk Shin1,2,3, Rukmini Mukherjee1,2, Diana Grewe2
1Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
Nature
|July 30, 2020
まとめ
重症急性呼吸器症候群コロナウイルス2型 (SARS-CoV-2) パパイン型プロテアゼ (PLpro) はISG15を裂き,抗ウイルス免疫を阻害する. SARS-CoV-2 PLproを抑制すると,ウイルスの複製が抑制され,免疫反応が強化されます.
科学分野:
- ウイルス学
- 構造生物学
- 免疫学
背景:
- パパイン型のプロテアゼ (PLpro) は,コロナウイルスの複製と宿主の免疫回避に不可欠です.
- SARS-CoV-2 PLproは,宿主インターフェロンとNF-κB経路の調節において,SARS-CoV PLproと異なる.
研究 の 目的:
- SARS-CoV-2 PLpro (SCoV2-PLpro) を生化学的,構造的,機能的に特徴づけること.
- SCoV2-PLproとSARS-CoV PLpro (SCoV-PLpro) を,宿主基質の好みおよび免疫経路の調節に関して比較する.
- SCoV2-PLproを抑制する治療の可能性を評価する.
主な方法:
- SCoV2-PLproの生化学的および構造的特徴.
- ISG15との複合体におけるSCoV2-PLproの結晶構造の決定
- ISG15とユビキチン鎖の分裂を評価する機能検査
- 感染した細胞におけるインターフェロン反応とウイルスの複製におけるSCoV2-PLproの役割の分析.
- 抑制剤GRL-0617の有効性の評価
主要な成果:
- SCoV2-PLproは,ユビキチンを標的とするSCoV-PLproとは異なり,ISG15を優先的に割ります.
- 構造分析により,SCoV2-PLpro と ISG15 の間の高親和の相互作用が明らかになりました.
- SCoV2-PLproはIRF3からISG15を分離し,タイプIインターフェロン反応を弱める.
- GRL-0617によるSCoV2-PLproの抑制は,ウイルス複製と細胞病原性を低下させ,同時に抗ウイルスインターフェロン反応を強めた.
結論:
- SCoV2-PLproは,ISG15分裂を通じて抗ウイルス免疫を抑制することによって,SARS-CoV-2の病原性において重要な役割を果たします.
- SCoV2-PLproを標的にすることは,SARS-CoV-2感染を抑制し,宿主の抗ウイルス免疫を強化するための有望な二重治療戦略です.
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