関連する実験動画
Updated: Jun 19, 2026

07:50
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation of Murine Brown Adipose Tissue
Published on: November 21, 2018
人間とマウスのゲノムにおけるDNA要素の拡張百科事典
, Jill E Moore1, Michael J Purcaro1
1University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Worcester, MA, USA.
Nature
|July 31, 2020
まとめ
DNA要素の百科事典 (ENCODE) プロジェクトは,ヒトとマウスのゲノムをマッピングし,何百万もの規制要素を特定しました. このリソースは,ゲノム組織と機能の理解を高める.
科学分野:
- ゲノミクス
- エピジェネティクス
- 分子生物学
背景:
- 人間のゲノムとマウスのゲノムは RNAとタンパク質をコードし その生成を制御します
- ゲノム調節の理解は 生物学的プロセスを解読するのに 極めて重要です
研究 の 目的:
- ゲノム特性の解析を拡大する"DNA要素百科事典" (ENCODE) プロジェクト.
- ヒトとマウスのゲノムにおけるシス調節要素の包括的なレジストリを作成する.
主な方法:
- RNA転写,クロマチンの構造,DNAメチル化,タンパク質占有に関する5992の新しい実験データセットを収集した.
- 候補 cis 規制要素を特定するために選択されたデータタイプを統合した.
- ゲノムデータへのユーザ定義アクセスを可能にするSCREEN Webサーバーを開発した.
主要な成果:
- ヒトの926,535およびマウスの339,815の候補シス調節要素を特定した.
- これらの要素は,それぞれのゲノムの7.9% (ヒト) と3.4% (マウス) をカバーします.
- マウスの胎児の発達に関する 体系的なデータを生成した.
結論:
- ENCODE データポータルとSCREEN リソースは,広範なゲノム情報を提供しています.
- このリソースは,科学コミュニティがゲノム組織と機能を理解するのに役立ちます.
- ヒトとマウスの遺伝子調節に関するより深い洞察を容易にする.
関連する概念動画
Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
Genomics
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Cis-regulatory Sequences
Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Multi-species Conserved Sequences
Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.

