人間が支配する生態系における動物性感染症の宿主多様性の増加
Rory Gibb1, David W Redding2, Kai Qing Chin1
1Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
Nature
|August 8, 2020
まとめ
土地利用の変化は,野生生物のコミュニティを変化させることで,動物性感染症 (人間に感染する) のリスクを高めます. 人間が利用する地域には,動物性感染症の宿主,特に歯類やコウモリが多く存在し,人間と野生生物の交流が拡大しています.
科学分野:
- エコロジー
- 流行病学について
- 保護生物学
背景:
- 農業や都市部への生息地の転換などの土地利用の変化は動物性感染症の発生と関連しています
- 土地利用の変化による野生生物の宿主コミュニティの予測可能な生態学的変化は,まだ十分に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 地元の動物性感染症の宿主コミュニティに及ぼす地球規模で系統的な影響を調査する.
- 土地利用の変化が 病気を人間に伝染させる 野生生物の多様性と豊富さを 予測可能に変化させるかどうかを 判断する.
主な方法:
- 6,801の生態系の集合体と376の宿主種の分析
- 信頼性の高い研究成果を 確保するための研究費の管理
- 人間が利用する生態系における動物性感染症の宿主群と,破壊されない生息地の比較
主要な成果:
- 土地利用は動物性感染症の宿主コミュニティに 大きく影響しています
- 野生の動物に感染する宿主は,人間によって利用されている場所 (二次的,農業,都市) で不均衡に多く (21%から144%高) であり,豊かな (18%から72%高) である.
- ネズミ,コウモリ,鳥類は,ヒトが利用する領域で最も強い増加を示し,動物病の主要な貯水池としての役割を強調しました.
結論:
- 地球規模での土地利用の変化は 動物から伝染する病気の貯水池として機能する種を 体系的に有利にしています
- 生態学的特徴と生歴は,宿主の感受性と人間の干渉に対する耐性を媒介し,病原体の転移リスクに影響を与える.
- 土地の密集した利用は,人間,家畜,野生動物の間のインターフェースを拡大し,動物性感染症の発生リスクを高めています.
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