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Updated: Dec 11, 2025

A Facile Protocol to Generate Site-Specifically Acetylated Proteins in Escherichia Coli
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A Facile Protocol to Generate Site-Specifically Acetylated Proteins in Escherichia Coli

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バクテリアのアシルトランスフェラーゼにおけるカルボキシル末端アシルドナーの特異性の構造的基礎

Fei Xiao1, Sheng Dong, Yang Liu1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 18, 2020
PubMed
まとめ

研究者らは,マロニル化/サクシニル化マクロラクチン (MLN) に起因するベータ・ラクタマースの同種であるBmmI酵素を特定した. この発見により 薬剤耐性メカニズムの理解が進み 新しい抗菌剤の開発に 役立ちました

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Substituent Effects on Acidity of Carboxylic Acids01:31

Substituent Effects on Acidity of Carboxylic Acids

The acidity of carboxylic acids is influenced by the nature of the substituents bounded to the functional group. The acid strength is determined by the stability of the carboxylate anion—the conjugate base formed by dissociating the corresponding carboxylic acid.
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Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Nucleophilic acyl substitution is an important class of substitution reactions involving a nucleophile and an acyl compound, such as carboxylic acids and their derivatives. In these reactions, the leaving group attached to the acyl group is substituted by a nucleophile. The general mechanism proceeds via two steps.
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Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...
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Reactions of Carboxylic Acids: Introduction

Carboxylic acids possess an acidic –COOH functional group. The acidity can be attributed to the resonance stabilization of their conjugate base, wherein the negative charge is delocalized over both oxygen atoms.
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Acidity and Basicity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Carboxylic acids are the strongest among organic acids, as they readily lose the hydroxyl proton to form a resonance-stabilized carboxylate ion. In comparison, the acid derivatives lack acidic hydrogens directly attached to a functional group. In these compounds, the acidic nature arises from their ability to lose α hydrogens, making them weakly acidic.
The relative acidic strength of the derivatives can be explained based on the extent of resonance stabilization of the conjugate base. The...
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Relative Reactivity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Carboxylic acid derivatives such as acid halides, anhydrides, esters, and amides undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions with varying degrees of reactivity.
A key factor in assessing the reactivity of the acid derivatives is the basicity of the substituent or the leaving group. The lower the basicity of the leaving group, the higher the reactivity of the derivative. The basicity of the leaving group follows this order:
Halide ions < Acyloxy ions < Alkoxy ions < Amine ions
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