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Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods01:30

Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods

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In healthcare, the chemical method of sterilization uses chemical sterilants to treat surgical instruments and medical supplies to help prevent the transmission of infectious pathogens to patients. Due to heat sensitivity, most medical supplies and equipment should not be exposed to high temperatures. These parts include rubber, plastic, glass, and other similar elements.
Using chemical sterilization rather than heat to clean out equipment is recommended. It eradicates and removes all bacteria,...
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Phase I Reactions: Reductive Reactions01:27

Phase I Reactions: Reductive Reactions

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Phase I biotransformation reductive reactions are chemical processes that modify drugs by introducing or revealing polar functional groups via reduction. Enzymes called reductases catalyze these reactions, playing a pivotal role in drug metabolism by transforming lipophilic drugs into more polar, water-soluble metabolites for easy excretion. An essential type of reductive reaction is the carbonyl group reduction, where aldehydes and ketones are reduced to alcohols. An example is the...
801
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

137
Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
137
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

315
Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
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Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants
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ポリマー・メカノケミカル・ディスルファイド・シシションを用いた薬剤の放出に向けて

Zhiyuan Shi1,2, Jingnan Wu1,2, Qingchuan Song1,2

  • 1DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 18, 2020
PubMed
まとめ

この研究は 超音波に反応して フロセミドやドクソルビシンのような薬物を放出する 新しいポリマーシステムを導入しています この機械化学的アプローチは 薬物投与を制御し 伝統的な治療の限界を克服する 新しい方法を提供します

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科学分野:

  • ポリマー化学
  • 材料科学
  • 薬理学について

背景:

  • 伝統的な薬剤療法では 抗生物質耐性や全身性毒性といった課題に直面しています
  • 現在の薬剤投与システムは 熱や光などの 外部刺激に依存しています
  • メカニカル・フォースは,薬物放出の刺激として広く調査されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • 制御された薬剤の放出のための新しい機械化学反応性ポリマーシステムを開発する.
  • ポリマー分裂と薬剤活性化のための外部刺激として超音波を使用します.
  • 薬剤を含むフランを含む分子のポリマーメカニズムによる放出を証明する.

主な方法:

  • ディスルファイドを中心としたポリマーの設計と合成
  • 超音波で誘発されたポリマー分裂により,チオール末端のポリマーが生成される.
  • ディエルス・アルダー誘導体にチオール末端のポリマーをミカエル型で加える.
  • 薬物の下流放出に対するレトロ・ディエルス・アルダー反応

主要な成果:

  • ポリマーの骨格における二硫化物結合の 超音波誘発の成功
  • ダンシル,フーロセミド,フーリル化されたドクソルビシンを含むフーランを含む分子の放出が実証された.
  • 薬物の放出のためのディエルス・アルダー反応を伴うメカニズムを確立した.

結論:

  • 開発されたシステムは,機械化学的に制御された薬物投与のための新しいプラットフォームを提供します.
  • このアプローチは,機械的な力 (超音波) を使って薬の放出を正確に制御します.
  • この方法は,ポリマーメカニズムによる様々な小分子活性化のための青写真として機能します.