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COVID-19 疾患の発症の原因となる免疫反応における性差異

Takehiro Takahashi¹, Mallory K Ellingson², Patrick Wong¹

¹Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

|August 27, 2020

まとめ

男性と女性は,重症急性呼吸器症候群コロナウイルス2 (SARS-CoV-2) に対して異なる免疫反応を示します. 免疫細胞の活性化とサイトカインのプロフィールにおけるこれらの違いは,コロナウイルス病 2019 (COVID-19) の重度の性別による変化を説明する可能性があります.

科学分野:

免疫学
ウイルス学
性別による病気の違い

背景:

増加する証拠は,女性と比較してより深刻なCOVID-19の結果とより高い死亡率を示しています.
SARS-CoV-2感染における性差を誘発する免疫学的メカニズムは不明である.

研究の目的:

中度的なCOVID-19の患者におけるウイルス負荷,抗体位,サイトカインプロファイル,血液細胞現象型を含む免疫反応における性別差異を調査する.
これらの免疫的差異が,COVID-19の病気の進行における観察された性差異と相関するかどうかを判断する.

主な方法:

ウイルス負荷,SARS-CoV-2 特定の抗体タイター,プラズマ・サイトカイン (IL-8,IL-18) および中程度のCOVID-19 患者における血液細胞フェノタイプの分析.
自然免疫反応を隔離するために免疫調節薬を受けている患者を除外する.

主要な成果:

男性患者では先天性免疫サイトカイン (IL-8,IL-18) のレベルが高く,非古典的なモノサイトが増加しました.
女性患者は男性患者より強いT細胞活性化を示した.
T細胞反応の低下は,男性では高齢化と悪化と相関し,女性では先天性サイトカイン濃度の上昇が悪化と関連していた.

結論:

SARS-CoV-2感染時の男性と女性の免疫反応は,性別によるCOVID-19の重症度差に寄与する.
発見は,COVID-19管理のための性特有の治療戦略の開発を支援しています.

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