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関連する概念動画

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria01:29

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria

448
The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
448
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

17.7K
Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
17.7K
Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

34.5K
RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
34.5K
Translation in Prokaryotes01:29

Translation in Prokaryotes

1.0K
Prokaryote translation is a complex, highly coordinated process that converts genetic information from mRNA into functional proteins. It involves three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each facilitated by specific molecular components.Initiation of TranslationThe process begins with the assembly of the ribosomal subunits and initiation factors on the mRNA. In bacteria, the 30S ribosomal subunit recognizes the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the mRNA, a conserved region upstream of...
1.0K
Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

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Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
32.1K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

37.5K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Using Coculture to Detect Chemically Mediated Interspecies Interactions
08:29

Using Coculture to Detect Chemically Mediated Interspecies Interactions

Published on: October 31, 2013

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バシルス・サブティリスにおける機能的に結合されていない転写-翻訳

Grace E Johnson1, Jean-Benoît Lalanne1,2, Michelle L Peters1

  • 1Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Nature
|August 28, 2020
PubMed
まとめ

転写と翻訳の結合は 細菌では普遍的ではありません バシルス・サブティリスでは,RNAポリメラーゼ (RNAP) がリボソームを上回り,

さらに関連する動画

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses
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Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses

Published on: February 25, 2011

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Measurement of Specific Mycobacterial Mistranslation Rates with Gain-of-function Reporter Systems
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Measurement of Specific Mycobacterial Mistranslation Rates with Gain-of-function Reporter Systems

Published on: April 26, 2019

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Using Coculture to Detect Chemically Mediated Interspecies Interactions
08:29

Using Coculture to Detect Chemically Mediated Interspecies Interactions

Published on: October 31, 2013

13.9K
Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses
11:19

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses

Published on: February 25, 2011

20.2K
Measurement of Specific Mycobacterial Mistranslation Rates with Gain-of-function Reporter Systems
06:18

Measurement of Specific Mycobacterial Mistranslation Rates with Gain-of-function Reporter Systems

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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • ゲノミクス
  • 微生物生理学

背景:

  • 転写-翻訳結合は,伝統的に細菌の遺伝子発現の特徴と見なされている.
  • この結合にはRNAポリメラーゼ (RNAP) とリボソームが関与し,遺伝子発現と調節を調整する.
  • 多様な細菌種間の この結合の普遍性は ほとんど未知のままです

研究 の 目的:

  • 転写-翻訳結合が全ての細菌の基本的な特徴であるかどうかを調査する.
  • バチルス・サブティリスのようなモデル生物における 結合されていない転写と翻訳の影響を調査する.
  • プロカリオットにおける代替遺伝子発現様式とその調節メカニズムを特定する.

主な方法:

  • バチルス・サブティリスにおけるRNAPとリボソーム運動の比較分析
  • 結合されていないシステムにおけるRNA監視と翻訳制御メカニズムの調査.
  • バクテリア属の"脱走転写"のサインを特定するためのゲノム分析.

主要な成果:

  • RNAPはバチルス・サブティリスのリボソームを上回り"脱走転写"を示しています.
  • 不結合転写は,Rho依存終結への依存の減少と,リボスイッチとRNA結合タンパク質の使用の増加を説明する.
  • 脱走したトランスクリプションのゲノムシグネチャーは様々な細菌の系統に広く存在しています.

結論:

  • 結合されたRNAP-リボソームの動きは,細菌の遺伝子発現の一般的な特徴ではありません.
  • バクテリアは少なくとも2つの主要な遺伝子発現モードを利用します. 翻訳結合と脱走型転写です.
  • これらの異なるモードは,プロカリオットにおけるゲノム特有の規制戦略を決定する.