微生物群によって調節されるCART+腸内ニューロンは,血糖を自律的に調節する
Paul A Muller1, Fanny Matheis2, Marc Schneeberger3
1Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. pmuller@rockefeller.edu mucida@rockefeller.edu.
まとめ
腸内微生物群は腸内関連ニューロン (iEANs),特にイレウムと大腸のCART+ニューロンを影響する. これらのニューロンは栄養とグルコースの代謝を制御し,中枢神経系とは独立して血糖に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 胃腸内科
- メタボリズム
背景:
- 腸内微生物群は 生理学的過程の調節に 重要な役割を果たします
- 腸内関連ニューロン (iEANs) は腸内神経系の一部であり,腸内環境と相互作用する.
- 腸経路に沿ったIEANの機能的適応は完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 異なった腸の部位に対するiEANの機能的適応を調査する.
- 微生物の植民に反応する特定のニューロンのサブセットを特定する.
- 代謝と栄養の調節における これらのニューロンの役割を明らかにする.
主な方法:
- マウスの十二指管,大腸,大腸のセグメントにおけるニューロンの反応の比較分析.
- CART+ニューロンの特定と特徴付け
- 脊髄前腺経由で肝臓と臓へのニューロンの接続の調査.
- 微生物群の枯渇後のグルコース代謝の評価
主要な成果:
- イレアルおよび大腸のIEANは,十二指管の神経よりも微生物の植民により高い反応を示します.
- イレウムと大腸に豊富に存在する,内臓流動性CART+ニューロンのサブセットは,栄養とグルコース代謝を調節する.
- これらのCART+ニューロンは 肝臓と臓に繋がっています
- 微生物群の枯渇は,NLRP6とカスパース11に依存するCART+ニューロンの損失を引き起こし,グルコースの調節を阻害する.
結論:
- iEANの特定のサブセット,特にイレアルおよび大腸のCART+ニューロンは,機能的に腸内微生物群に適応しています.
- これらのニューロンは,栄養とグルコースの恒常化を調節する上で重要な役割を果たします.
- iEANは中枢神経系制御とは無関係に血糖値に影響を与える.
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