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Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types01:27

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

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Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...
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Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

940
The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
940
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

979
Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
979
Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

420
Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
420
Gastric Phase of Digestion01:26

Gastric Phase of Digestion

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The gastric phase of digestion begins as soon as food enters the stomach. The incoming food bolus triggers neural and hormonal mechanisms, which last approximately 3 to 4 hours. During this phase, the stomach undergoes significant changes to prepare the food for further digestion and absorption.
When food enters the stomach, it stretches the stomach walls and activates stretch receptors. This triggers local reflexes of the enteric nervous system, mediated through the myenteric plexus. These...
2.5K
Peptic Ulcer Disease V: Surgical Management and Nursing Care01:25

Peptic Ulcer Disease V: Surgical Management and Nursing Care

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Surgical management and nursing care are crucial in treating Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD). Here is an organized and enhanced overview of the surgical interventions and the associated nursing care for PUD:
Surgical Interventions for Peptic Ulcer Disease
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Author Spotlight: Genetic Profiling for Fluorouracil Response in Gastric Cancer
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胃がん

Elizabeth C Smyth1, Magnus Nilsson2, Heike I Grabsch3

  • 1Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Hill's Road, Cambridge, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|August 31, 2020
PubMed
まとめ

ガンによる死亡の主な原因である胃がんは バイオプシーで診断され 画像検査で診断されます 治療は初期段階の内視切除から 進行した病気の手術や化学療法まで様々です

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Gene Regulation and Targeted Therapy in Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis: Radiological Findings from Dual Energy CT and PET/CT
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科学分野:

  • 腫瘍学
  • 胃腸内科

背景:

  • 胃がんは世界的な健康問題であり 癌の第5位であり 癌による死因の第3位です
  • ヘリコバクター・パイロリ感染,高齢化,塩分摂取量高,果物や野菜の摂取量低さが主な危険因子です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 胃がんの診断,ステージング,治療戦略の包括的な概要を提供する.
  • 胃がんと現在の治療方法の多様性を強調する.

主な方法:

  • 診断は内視バイオプシーによる組織学的確認に基づいています.
  • ステージングにはCT,内視超音波,PET,および腹腔鏡などの画像技術が含まれます.
  • 治療戦略は,内視切除,D2リンパ切除による手術,化学療法,および標的治療を含む,癌の段階によって層分かれています.

主要な成果:

  • 早期の胃がんは主に内視切除で治療されます.
  • 早期に手術できない胃がんの手術にはD2リンパ切除が必要である.
  • 術後の化学療法または補助化学療法は,ステージ1Bまたはそれ以上の癌の生存率を高めます.
  • 先進的な胃がんの治療は,連続した化学療法で,生存期間の中央値は1年未満です.
  • トラストズマブ,ラムシルマブ,ニボルマブ,ペムブロリズマブのような標的治療は,特定の胃がんサブタイプと治療法で承認されています.

結論:

  • 胃がんの管理には,病期と分子特性に合わせた多様式アプローチが必要です.
  • 化学療法と標的治療の進歩により 進行した胃がんの治療結果は改善されていますが 課題は残っています
  • 胃がんの異質性を理解することは 治療戦略の最適化と患者の生存率の改善に不可欠です