ヒトの生殖細胞は,インフルエンザワクチン接種後,記憶とネイティブB細胞を活性化させる
Jackson S Turner1, Julian Q Zhou2, Julianna Han3
1Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
Nature
|September 1, 2020
まとめ
人間における季節性インフルエンザワクチンはB細胞の反応を刺激する. この研究では,ワクチン接種は生殖中心の反応を誘発し,新しいエピトープを標的とし,保護性抗体を拡大するB細胞クローンを生成することが判明しました.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- ワクチン学
- ウイルス学
背景:
- インフルエンザウイルスは 世界的な公衆衛生上の大きな問題です
- 季節性インフルエンザワクチン接種は主に記憶B細胞を活性化し,抗体分泌プラズマブラストを引き起こす.
- ヒトにおけるインフルエンザワクチン接種による生殖中心の反応の誘発は,まだ十分に理解されていない.
研究 の 目的:
- ヒトのインフルエンザワクチン接種後の生殖中心B細胞の反応の動態と特異性を調査する.
- インフルエンザワクチン接種がリンパ節排水における生殖中心の反応を誘発するかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 排水リンパ節の連続採取のために超音波誘導細針吸入を使用した.
- インフルエンザワクチンの結合に対する生殖細胞B細胞の反応を分析した.
- 評価されたB細胞クローン重複,体高変異頻度,および抗体の交叉反応性.
主要な成果:
- ワクチンを結合する生殖中心のB細胞は,ワクチン接種後1週間で検出され,一部の個体では9週間まで持続しました.
- ゲルミナルセンターB細胞クローンと早期循環するプラズマブラストの間で有意な重複 (12 - 88%) が観察されました.
- 共有されたクローンは高体変異を示し,広範囲にクロス反応性抗体を産生したが,生殖中心特異のクローンは低変異率を示し,新種のエピトープを標的とした株特異の抗体を産生した.
結論:
- ヒトのインフルエンザワクチン接種は,生殖器の反応を引き起こす可能性があります.
- これらの反応は,以前は未解決のエピトープを標的にできるB細胞クローンを招集します.
- このプロセスは,ワクチンによって誘発される保護性抗体のレパートリーを拡大し,様々なインフルエンザ株に対する免疫力を強化する可能性があります.
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