主要な喘息予防:リスクと保護因子から標的型予防戦略まで

Erika von Mutius¹, Hermelijn H Smits²

¹Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Neuherberg, Germany; Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, German Center for Lung Research, Neuherberg, Germany.

Lancet (London, England)

|September 10, 2020

まとめ

複雑な幼児の病気である喘息には遺伝と環境が関係しています. 有望な予防戦略にはビタミンD,妊婦のための魚油,微生物の暴露が含まれ,新しい根絶方法の研究が進行中です.

科学分野:

免疫学
環境健康
小児科

背景:

喘息の発症は多因性で遺伝学,環境,早期の免疫発達に影響を受けます
病気の流行は時間や地理的な場所によって大きく異なります.
流行病学の研究は,喘息の予防のための環境暴露に焦点を当てています.

研究の目的:

喘息の予防と制御のための現在および新興の戦略をレビューする.
環境要因と免疫調節に基づく有望な介入を強調する.
喘息の世界的な負担と闘うための新しいアプローチの必要性を強調する.

主な方法:

環境曝露と喘息に関する疫学研究のレビュー
成功した喘息管理プログラムと予防策の分析
喘息予防のための微生物,代謝,ヘルミンチス化合物の臨床前研究の評価.

主要な成果:

成功した喘息対策には喫煙禁止やフィンランド喘息プログラムのような公衆衛生プログラムがあります
幼児の喘息の予防には母親にビタミンDや魚油を補給する事が有望です
臨床前研究では,バクテリアの溶解物,代謝物,ヘルミンチス化合物の潜在的な治療効果が示されています.

結論:

環境中の微生物への曝露と伝統的な農村生活様式は喘息の予防に関連しています
臨床前での有望な発見を臨床的な喘息治療に変換するには,さらなる研究が必要です.
喘息の社会的および個人的負担を軽減するために,新しい戦略を開発することが重要です.

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