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Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota01:18

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The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...

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ダイエットはマウスの腸内微生物タンパク質を翻訳後修正して腎機能を調節する.

Lior Lobel1, Y Grace Cao1, Kathrin Fenn1

  • 1Departments of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 18, 2020
PubMed
まとめ

食中の硫黄アミノ酸は,尿性毒素を減らし,マウスの慢性腎臓病 (CKD) の進行を遅らせるために腸内微生物を修正することができます. このアプローチは腸内微生物の組成を変えることなく 翻訳後の改変によって 微生物の機能を調整します

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科学分野:

  • 微生物学
  • 腎臓科
  • 生物化学

背景:

  • 慢性腎臓病 (CKD) は腸内微生物群の変化と関連しているが,そのメカニズムは不明である.
  • タンパク質の摂取は,尿性毒素に関連した硫化水素 (H2S),インドール,およびインドキシル硫酸の腸内細菌の産生を促進します.
  • 硫化水素 (H2S) は様々な生理学的役割を持ち,その中には翻訳後の修正が含まれています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 食中の硫黄アミノ酸が,CKDのマウスモデルにおける腸内微生物群の機能にどのように影響するかを調査する.
  • 微生物の尿性毒素生成に対する食事の影響を媒介する翻訳後の改変の役割を調査する.
  • 微生物の活性を調節することで 慢性腎臓病の進行を緩和できるかどうかを判断する.

主な方法:

  • 慢性腎疾患 (CKD) のマウスモデルを使用した.
  • 硫黄アミノ酸に富んだ食事を与えました
  • 微生物のトリプトファナース活性とその翻訳後の変化を分析した.
  • 尿中毒素の産生とCKDの進行への影響を評価した.

主要な成果:

  • 硫黄含有量の高いアミノ酸ダイエットは 微生物のトリプトファナーゼに 翻訳後の変化を引き起こした.
  • これらの変化はトリプトファナースの活性を低下させ,尿中毒素の産生を減少させた.
  • マウスモデルでは,食事による微生物機能の調節により,CKDの進行が改善された.
  • 機能的変化にもかかわらず,微生物群の構成は変わらなかった.

結論:

  • ダイエットは微生物酵素の翻訳後の改変によって腸内微生物群の機能を調節することができます.
  • コミュニティの組成ではなく 微生物の酵素活性をターゲットにすることで 尿性毒素を減らす戦略が提供されます
  • 食生活による介入は,腸内微生物群の機能を調節することで,慢性腎臓病 (CKD) の管理に役立つ可能性があります.