ネアンデルタール人とデニソワ人のY染色体の進化史

Martin Petr¹, Mateja Hajdinjak^2,3, Qiaomei Fu^4,5,6

¹Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. mp@bodkan.net kelso@eva.mpg.de.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|September 25, 2020

まとめ

古代デニソヴァンとネアンデルタール人のY染色体は異なる進化の経路を示しています彼らのY染色体の差異はオートソームデータとは異なりネアンデルタール人の遺伝子プール交換を示唆しています

科学分野:

パレオゲノミクス
人間の進化
古代の DNA の分析

背景:

デニソヴァ人やネアンデルタール人のような古人の Y染色体のデータは限られている.
以前の研究はしばしば女性の古代DNAに依存し,Y染色体特有の進化の洞察を妨げていた.

研究の目的:

デニソヴァ人とネアンデルタール人の Y染色体系統を再構築し分析する
古代の人類の集団動態を理解するために,Y染色体フィロゲニーと自己染色体およびミトコンドリアDNAデータを比較する.

主な方法:

デニソワ人とネアンデルタール人の Y染色体の全ゲノム配列解析
分岐時間と関係を推論する系統遺伝分析
Y染色体の進化史と自己染色体およびミトコンドリアDNAデータの比較.

主要な成果:

デニソワ人のY染色体は約70万年前にネアンデルタール人と現代人のY染色体との共通の系統から分離した.
ネアンデルタール人と現代人のY染色体は約37万年前に分離しました
Y染色体フィロゲニーはオートソーム的推論とは異なり,ミトコンドリアDNAと一致し,Y染色体とミトコンドリアDNAがネアンデルタール人の後期に交換されたことを示唆している.

結論:

古代の人間のY染色体進化は,自己染色体集団の歴史とは異なる複雑なイメージを示している.
証拠は,後期ネアンデルタール人のY染色体とミトコンドリアDNAの系統の交換を示唆しており,これは彼らの小さな有効な集団サイズと遺伝的負荷と関連している可能性があります.

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