COVID-19 ワクチン BNT162b1 はヒトの抗体と TH1 T 細胞反応を誘発する
Ugur Sahin1,2, Alexander Muik3, Evelyna Derhovanessian3
1BioNTech, Mainz, Germany. ugur.sahin@biontech.de.
Nature
|September 30, 2020
まとめ
BNT162b1メッセンジャーRNA (mRNA) ワクチンは,成人において強い抗体とT細胞反応を示した. このCOVID-19ワクチン候補は,複数の免疫メカニズムを通じてSARS-CoV-2に対する保護の可能性を示した.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- ワクチン学
- 分子生物学
背景:
- 深刻な急性呼吸器症候群のコロナウイルス-2 (SARS-CoV-2) パンデミックは効果的なワクチンを必要とする.
- BNT162b1は,SARS-CoV-2受容体結合ドメイン (RBD) をコードする,脂質ナノ粒子配列の核酸改変mRNAワクチンです.
研究 の 目的:
- BNT162b1のワクチン接種後の抗体とT細胞の反応を非ランダム化,オープンフェーズI/II試験で評価する.
- 18~55歳の健康な成人のBNT162b1の免疫性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 参加者 (18~55歳) はBNT162b1 (1~50μg) の2回投与を受けた.
- 抗体反応は,RBD結合IgG濃度と中和抗体の位数で測定された.
- T細胞の反応は,CD4+とCD8+T細胞の膨張とサイトカインの産生 (インターフェロン-γ) によって評価された.
主要な成果:
- 2回のBNT162b1投与でCD4+とCD8+T細胞の反応が強くなった.
- 強烈な抗体反応が観察され,中和抗体の幾何学平均タイターは,回復したCOVID-19患者よりも高かった.
- 免疫血清はSARS-CoV-2のスパイク型に対して広範な中和性を示した.
- T細胞の反応は主にTヘルパー1型 (TH1) で歪められ,インターフェロンγが有意に生成された.
結論:
- BNT162b1のワクチン接種は,RBD特異の抗体とT細胞免疫を顕著に誘発する.
- ワクチンは好ましいサイトカインプロファイルと広範な中和活性を引き起こす.
- これらの多メカニズム性免疫反応は,BNT162b1がCOVID-19に対する保護の可能性を示唆しています.
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