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関連する概念動画

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

3.6K
Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with...
3.6K
Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

3.1K
The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...
3.1K
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

3.8K
Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
3.8K
Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

8.6K
Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
8.6K
Membrane Domains01:18

Membrane Domains

6.8K
The membrane domains concentrate specific lipids and proteins at one place within the membrane, which helps in cell signaling, adhesion, and other critical cellular processes. These domains can differ in size, composition, function, and lifespan.
Protein Domains
The membrane comprises a group of distinct proteins responsible for carrying out a cell's specific function. For example, the plasma membrane of the human sperm, or a single germ cell, contains a unique set of proteins in the...
6.8K
Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation01:31

Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation

3.3K
Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy
10:08

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: October 24, 2017

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活性粒子は巨大な脂質小胞に大きな形状の変形を引き起こします.

Hanumantha Rao Vutukuri1, Masoud Hoore2, Clara Abaurrea-Velasco2

  • 1Soft Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. h.r.vutukuri@mat.ethz.ch.

Nature
|October 1, 2020
PubMed
まとめ

巨大な単葉小胞の内側にある自己運動粒子は 複雑で不均衡な形状と 活発な膜の変動を生み出します この研究は細胞膜のダイナミクスをモデル化し 人工細胞やソフトロボットの設計に役立つかもしれません

さらに関連する動画

Preparation of Giant Vesicles Encapsulating Microspheres by Centrifugation of a Water-in-oil Emulsion
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Preparation of Giant Vesicles Encapsulating Microspheres by Centrifugation of a Water-in-oil Emulsion

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Obtention of Giant Unilamellar Hybrid Vesicles by Electroformation and Measurement of their Mechanical Properties by Micropipette Aspiration
09:29

Obtention of Giant Unilamellar Hybrid Vesicles by Electroformation and Measurement of their Mechanical Properties by Micropipette Aspiration

Published on: January 19, 2020

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy
10:08

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: October 24, 2017

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Preparation of Giant Vesicles Encapsulating Microspheres by Centrifugation of a Water-in-oil Emulsion
05:43

Preparation of Giant Vesicles Encapsulating Microspheres by Centrifugation of a Water-in-oil Emulsion

Published on: January 24, 2017

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Obtention of Giant Unilamellar Hybrid Vesicles by Electroformation and Measurement of their Mechanical Properties by Micropipette Aspiration
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Obtention of Giant Unilamellar Hybrid Vesicles by Electroformation and Measurement of their Mechanical Properties by Micropipette Aspiration

Published on: January 19, 2020

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科学分野:

  • バイオ物理学
  • 柔らかい物質の物理学
  • 細胞メカニズム

背景:

  • 生物学的な細胞は 感覚と環境との相互作用のために 内膜を活性化します
  • 病原菌は侵入のために宿主細胞膜を 変形させる内部力を利用する.
  • 巨大な単葉小胞は 細胞膜の最小限のモデルとして機能しますが 内部活性力を生み出すことは依然として課題です

研究 の 目的:

  • 巨大な単葉小胞の内部の自己運動粒子が 膜の変形と形状の変化を誘導する方法を調査する.
  • 内部活性力と発現する膀の形態の関係を探求する.
  • ダイナミックな膜彫刻を可能にする 最小限のモデルシステムを開発する.

主な方法:

  • コンフォカル顕微鏡を用いた自己フォレティックなジャヌス微泳者に対する膜反応の実験観察.
  • 膜殻 (動的に三角化された表面) 内での活性ブラウン粒子に関するランゲヴィンダイナミクスシミュレーション.
  • ダイナミックな膜の変化と形状の変化の定量化

主要な成果:

  • 自己駆動粒子は様々な非均衡形状と活性膜の変動を誘導する.
  • 低濃度から中等濃度の粒子は,鎖状の突起とデンドリット構造を生成する.
  • 高濃度の粒子は,球体的に変形した膀の形を生じます.
  • 内部力条件に基づいて形状の結果を予測する状態図が生成されます.

結論:

  • 閉じ込められた粒子からの内部活性力は,重要な制御可能な膜変形を引き起こすことができます.
  • この研究は,最小限のシステムにおける活性膜ダイナミクスを理解するための枠組みを提供します.
  • この発見により 合成細胞やマイクロスケールソフトロボットの 設計が進めるかもしれません