三核ニッケル複合体を用いて窒素を水素に変換する電気触媒
Paramita Saha1, Sk Amanullah1, Abhishek Dey1
1School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 2, 2020
まとめ
化学者は,窒素ガス (N2) をヒドラジンに化学的に還元する新しいニッケル複合体を開発しました. この突破は 価値あるエネルギー貯蔵分子を 生産する新しい経路を 提供しています
科学分野:
- 無機化学
- カタリシス
- 持続可能なエネルギー
背景:
- 窒素 (N2) の還元は困難であり,ほとんどの研究はアンモニア (NH3) の合成に焦点を当てている.
- ヒドラジン (N2H4) は,便利なエネルギー放出により望ましいエネルギーベクターである.
- N2をヒドラジンに化学的に還元するための分子触媒はほとんど存在しない.
研究 の 目的:
- 二酸化窒素 (N2) をヒドラジンに選択的に還元するための分子触媒の設計と合成.
- N2還元における三核ニッケルチオラート複合体の触媒的活性を調べる.
- 清潔なエネルギー媒介としてのヒドラジンの可能性を探るため
主な方法:
- 三核のT形ニッケルチオラート分子複合体の設計.
- 複合体の全 Ni (I) 状態の電気化学生成.
- プロトンドナーとしてのフェノール (PhOH) の存在におけるN2の化学的還元.
主要な成果:
- Ni (I) 複合体は成功して活性化され,N2を減少させた.
- ハイドラジンは窒素を含有する唯一の製品として特定されました.
- ガス状の水素 (H2) は副産物であった.
- 反応は,約300mVの低超電位で進行した.
- 触媒は4e-/4H+還元経路に対して選択性を示した.
結論:
- 新しい三核ニッケル複合体は,N2をヒドラジンに選択的に化学的に還元することを可能にします.
- この発見は,有望なエネルギーベクトルであるヒドラジンの合成のための新しい経路を提供します.
- 触媒は高い選択性と効率で動作し 将来のエネルギー利用の道を開きます
関連する概念動画
Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction
4.4K
Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. The reaction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent. The reducing agent acts as a source of hydride ions.
As shown below, the mechanism involves three steps. Firstly, the hydride ion acting as a nucleophile attacks the nitrile carbon to form an anion. In the second step, a second equivalent of the hydride ion attacks the anion to...
As shown below, the mechanism involves three steps. Firstly, the hydride ion acting as a nucleophile attacks the nitrile carbon to form an anion. In the second step, a second equivalent of the hydride ion attacks the anion to...
4.4K
Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Amides and Nitriles
2.9K
Nitriles can be reduced to primary amines using reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride or catalytic hydrogenation. The reduction introduces an amino group with an extra carbon in the skeleton. Nitriles are formed from the reaction between alkyl halides and sodium cyanide through the SN2 mechanism. Primary alkyl halides are the preferred substrates to prepare nitriles.
Amides can be reduced to primary, secondary, and tertiary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, active metals like Fe,...
Amides can be reduced to primary, secondary, and tertiary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, active metals like Fe,...
2.9K
Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds
4.5K
Oximes can be reduced to primary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, or sodium metal reduction. The reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds to primary amines takes place by either catalytic hydrogenation or by using active metals like Fe, Zn, and Sn in the presence of an acid.
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
4.5K
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene
7.7K
The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
7.7K
Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones from Nitriles and Carboxylic Acids
4.1K
Although it is possible to reduce a carboxylic acid to an aldehyde, strong reducing agents, like lithium aluminum hydride (LAH), prohibit a controlled reduction, instead causing the generated aldehyde to instantly over-reduce to a primary alcohol.
Reducing carboxylic acid derivatives like acyl chlorides (RCOCl), esters (RCO2R′), and nitriles (RCN) using milder aluminum hydride agents like lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride [LiAlH(O-t-Bu)3] and diisobutylaluminum hydride [DIBAL-H]...
Reducing carboxylic acid derivatives like acyl chlorides (RCOCl), esters (RCO2R′), and nitriles (RCN) using milder aluminum hydride agents like lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride [LiAlH(O-t-Bu)3] and diisobutylaluminum hydride [DIBAL-H]...
4.1K
Catalysis
29.6K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
29.6K

![Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F55858.jpg&w=3840&q=50)
