RGSタンパク質によるGタンパク質シグナル伝達制御のグローバルマップ
Ikuo Masuho1, Santhanam Balaji2, Brian S Muntean1
1Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
Cell
|October 2, 2020
まとめ
Gタンパク質シグナル伝達レギュレータ (RGS) は,Gαサブユニットを無効化することによって,Gタンパク質シグナル伝達を制御する. この研究は,RGS-Gαの認識と選択性を支配するルールを明らかにし,分子認識の原則を前進させる.
科学分野:
- 生物化学
- 分子生物学
- ゲノミクス
背景:
- Gタンパク質シグナル伝達 (RGS) タンパク質は,Gタンパク質αサブユニット (Gα) を無効化することによって,Gタンパク質シグナル伝達経路を制御するために不可欠です.
- 哺乳類のゲノムには20の正規RGSタンパク質と16のGαタンパク質が含まれており,それらは様々な生理学的プロセスや疾患において重要な役割を果たします.
研究 の 目的:
- RGS タンパク質とその Gα 基板の選択的相互作用を規定する原理を解明する.
- RGS-Gα認識と選択性の構造的基礎を理解する.
- RGSタンパク質を設計するためのフレームワークを提供すること.
主な方法:
- 生体細胞におけるリアルタイム運動測定を用いて,すべての正規のヒトRGSタンパク質の触媒活性を評価した.
- Gα基板の完全なセットに対してRGSタンパク質の選択性を調べた.
- RGS-Gαの選択性の進化の軌道を調査するために,祖先の再構築を使用した.
主要な成果:
- RGS-Gαの認識と選択性を規定する特定の規則を特定した.
- この選択的相互作用の構造的基盤を明らかにした.
- RGSタンパク質で自然に発生する遺伝的変異がシグナル伝達を調節する方法を示した.
- 設計された選択性を持つ RGS タンパク質の設計の可能性を示した.
結論:
- 発見は,RGS-Gα相互作用内のシグナリング選択性を解読するための包括的な青写真を提供します.
- この研究は生物学的システムにおける 分子認識原理の基本的な理解を進めるものです
- この研究は,シグナル伝達経路に対する遺伝的変異の機能的影響に関する洞察を提供します.
関連する概念動画
Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins
9.6K
Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high...
9.6K
GTPases and their Regulation
9.5K
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒ small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
Large G-proteins,...
Large G-proteins,...
9.5K
GTPases and their Regulation
2.7K
2.7K
Small GTPases - Ras and Rho
5.0K
Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
5.0K
GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity
6.6K
Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of...
6.6K
G Protein-coupled Receptors
15.5K
G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or serpentine receptors, and consist of seven (H1-H7) transmembrane alpha-helices that span the bilayer to form a cylindrical core. The transmembrane helices are connected by three extracellular loops and three...
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or serpentine receptors, and consist of seven (H1-H7) transmembrane alpha-helices that span the bilayer to form a cylindrical core. The transmembrane helices are connected by three extracellular loops and three...
15.5K


