さまざまな哺乳類における赤血球ウイルスの親類
Andrew J Bennett1, Adrian C Paskey2,3,4, Arnt Ebinger5
1Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Nature
|October 8, 2020
まとめ
科学者たちはルフーグとルステラという 新しいウイルスを発見しました ルーベラウイルスの最初の知られた親戚です これらの発見は,風疹ウイルスが動物から発生した可能性を示唆し,将来の動物性感染症の懸念を高めています.
科学分野:
- ウイルス学
- 動物 に 感染 する 病気
- 進化生物学
背景:
- ルベッラウイルス (Matonaviridae: Rubivirus) の起源と感染経路は,1814年の最初の記述以来,ほとんど知られていません.
- ルベッラウイルスの進化史と宿主転移能力を理解することは,公衆衛生と疾病予防にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- ルーベッラウイルスの新しい親類を特定し,特徴づけ,その起源を明らかにする.
- ルベッラ型ウイルスの動物感染の可能性を調査する.
主な方法:
- ウガンダのコウモリにおけるルフーグウイルスと ドイツの野生動物園におけるルストレラウイルスの発見とゲノム解析
- ウイルスゲノム構造と保存されたタンパク質エピトープ (B細胞とT細胞) の比較分析
- ウイルスの融合能力を予測するためのE1タンパク質ホモトリマーのシリコモデリング.
主要な成果:
- バットに見られるルフーグウイルスは 既知のルベッラウイルスの最も近い親戚である. ネズミや他の動物に見られるルステラウイルスは外集団です.
- ルフーグとルステラウイルスは ルーベッラウイルスと ゲノム構造が似ています
- 重要なウイルスのタンパク質エピトープは中等から高い保存を示し,E1タンパク質モデリングは,ルフーグとラベッラウイルスの間の同様の融合能力を示唆しています.
結論:
- ルフーグとルステラウイルスの発見は,風疹ウイルスの親戚の最初の証拠を提供し,風疹の動物由来の可能性を示唆しています.
- マトナウイルスは種間感染能力を示し,将来の潜在的な動物性感染症の脅威を強調しています.
- これらの発見は,赤血球と先天性赤血球症候群の比較研究と動物モデルの開発に役立ちます.
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