東南アジアにおけるメガファウナとヒト類の絶滅の環境的要因
Julien Louys1,2, Patrick Roberts3,4,5
1Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. j.louys@griffith.edu.au.
Nature
|October 8, 2020
まとめ
東南アジア
科学分野:
- 古代気候学
- 古生物学
- 古人類学
背景:
- 東南アジアはヒト類や哺乳類の 移住や絶滅を理解するのに 極めて重要です
- アフリカでは不可欠な安定同位体の研究は,環境文脈で東南アジアでは十分に活用されていない.
- この地域には少なくとも5人のホモ属が住んでいます
研究 の 目的:
- 安定した同位体データを用いて東南アジアの古環境史を再構築する.
- 哺乳類の動物性変化とヒトの進化に及ぼす環境変化の影響を調査する.
- この重要な地域における 安定同位体研究における 研究のギャップを埋める
主な方法:
- 東南アジアの哺乳類からの安定同位体データの大規模データセットの分析.
- クォーターナー期にわたるサンプルの年代測定は,時系列的枠組みを確立する.
- 特定された古環境の変化との動物の変化の相関関係
主要な成果:
- 初期のプレイストセンの森林は 中期プレイストセンのサバンナへと移行し 草食動物を好んで ブラウザーの絶滅を引き起こした.
- プレイストセンの末期にサバンナが減少し,ホロセンの閉冠の熱帯雨林に置き換えられた.
- 熱帯雨林は 適応した種やホモ・サピエンスの出現を促し ホモ・エレクタスのようなサバンナの 専門家を不利にしました
結論:
- 東南アジアの環境の変化は哺乳類とヒトの集団に大きな影響を与えた.
- サバンナから熱帯雨林の生態系への移行は 種の分布と生存に影響を与えました
- 東南アジアの現代メガファウナは 脅かされている熱帯雨林の生息地に限られています
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