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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Updated: Dec 5, 2025

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

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機能的な長い非コーディングRNAは,ジャンクトランスクリプトから進化した.

Alexander F Palazzo1, Eugene V Koonin2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.

Cell
|October 17, 2020
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

複雑なゲノムによって生成されるほとんどのRNAトランスクリプトは非機能的な"ジャンク"である. しかし,このジャンクRNAは,適応性のないプロセスを通して新しい長い非コーディングRNA (lncRNA) の進化に不可欠な原材料として機能する.

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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

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Detection of RNA-binding Proteins by In Vitro RNA Pull-down in Adipocyte Culture
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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

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Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
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科学分野:

  • ゲノミクス
  • 進化生物学
  • 分子生物学

背景:

  • 哺乳類のような複雑なゲノムは 広範な転写を示しています
  • 支配的な見解では,ほとんどのRNAトランスクリプトは機能的な役割を持っている.
  • しかし,全ゲノム分析では,ほとんどのトランスクリプトが非機能的であると特定し,この概念に異議を唱える.

研究 の 目的:

  • ゲノム進化における非機能的なRNAトランスクリプトの役割を調査する.
  • 長い非コーディングRNA (lncRNAs) の起源を探求する.
  • ユーカリ生物における機能的イノベーションを推進する 進化的メカニズムを理解する.

主な方法:

  • RNAトランスクリプトの選択的制約の全ゲノム分析.
  • 適応性のない進化的メカニズムの検討
  • トランスクリプトームの比較ゲノミクス

主要な成果:

  • 複合的なゲノムによって生成される RNA トランスクリプトのほとんどは,選択的制約がなく,非機能的 ("ジャンク"RNA) であることを示す.
  • これらの"ジャンク"トランスクリプトは,多様な長い非コーディングRNA (lncRNA) の進化の重要な先駆者である.
  • lncRNAを含む新しい機能性RNAの出現は,主に強固な正の選択ではなく,構造的中性進化のような非適応的プロセスによって引き起こされる.

結論:

  • 非機能的RNA ("ジャンク"RNA) は進化的イノベーションにおいて重要な役割を果たします.
  • lncRNAsと生物の複雑性の進化は,弱い選択下で非適応的メカニズムによって促進される.
  • 機能的イノベーションは,多細胞性エウカリオットの最小限の適応変化によって生じます.