関連する実験動画
Updated: Dec 5, 2025

07:20
Assaying for Inorganic Polyphosphate in Bacteria
Published on: January 21, 2019
9.1K
バクテリアのリン酸粒子は周期性ポリリン酸を含んでいる:P固体NMRからの証拠
Venkata S Mandala1, Daniel M Loh2, Scott M Shepard1
1Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 170 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 19, 2020
まとめ
この研究は,細菌全体の細胞で自然に発生するサイクルメタフォスファートの最初の決定的な証拠を提供します. これらの発見は,メタフォスファートが重要な生物学的役割を果たし,ポリフォスファート構造に関する以前の仮定に異議を唱えることを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 生物化学
- 分子生物学
- 微生物学
背景:
- ポリフォスファート (polyPs) は,生物における不可欠なポリマーであり,伝統的に線形鎖として見られている.
- 最近の研究では,サイクルメタフォスファートが酵素と相互作用し,その自然発生を疑問視することが示唆されています.
- メタフォスファートの以前の報告は,抽出方法の人工物としてしばしば却下されました.
研究 の 目的:
- 破壊的でない方法を用いて細菌全体のポリフォスファートの化学構造を調査する.
- サイクルメタホスファートが自然にバクテリア*Xanthobacter autotrophicus*に存在するかどうかを判断する.
- メタフォスファートの潜在的な生物学的意義と細胞の局所化を調査する.
主な方法:
- 完全な細胞と不溶性分子の非破壊的P固体核磁共振 (NMR) スペクトロスコーピーを採用した.
- 分析された同位体および無位体P化学的シフトは,リン酸構造を特定する.
- 細胞スペクトルを,既知の構造の合成メタフォスファートと比較した.
主要な成果:
- P NMRデータでは,X.オートトロフィクス*の水素化された全細胞に線形および循環性リン酸の共存が示された.
- 特定の成長とサンプル条件下では,平均サイズが3〜8個のサイクリックフォスファートが大量に検出されました.
- メタフォスファートは不溶性,電子密度の高い粒子が濃縮され,外因的ヘキサメタフォスファートはトリメタフォスファートに代謝された.
結論:
- この研究は,細菌全体の細胞に生物学的に重要なメタフォスファートの存在に関する最初の決定的な証拠を提供します.
- この発見は,メタホスファートの濃度が新鮮な細胞で有意であり,潜在的な生物学的役割を果たすことを示唆しています.
- 様々な生物におけるメタフォスファートの機能を調査するための新しい道を開きます.
関連する概念動画
Cell Inclusions
546
Prokaryotic cells possess a variety of inclusions that play crucial roles in nutrient storage, metabolic processes, and environmental adaptation. These structures enable bacteria to thrive under fluctuating environmental conditions by storing essential resources and optimizing their metabolic efficiency.Carbon Storage: Poly-β-Hydroxybutyric Acid and Glycogen GranulesBacteria frequently store excess carbon in specialized granules. Poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) granules are lipid...
546
Protein Kinases and Phosphatases
14.4K
Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
14.4K
The Phosphorus Cycle
43.1K
Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
43.1K
Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR
629
Many organic, inorganic, and biological molecules contain spin-half nuclei such as nitrogen-15, fluorine-19, and phosphorus-31. As a result, NMR studies of these nuclei have found extensive applications in chemical and biological research.
While fluorine-19 and phosphorous-31 have high natural abundances (100%) and positive gyromagnetic ratios, nitrogen-15 has a low natural abundance and a negative gyromagnetic ratio. However, nitrogen-15 is still preferred over nitrogen-14 (which has a...
While fluorine-19 and phosphorous-31 have high natural abundances (100%) and positive gyromagnetic ratios, nitrogen-15 has a low natural abundance and a negative gyromagnetic ratio. However, nitrogen-15 is still preferred over nitrogen-14 (which has a...
629
Phosphoinositides and PIPs
9.8K
Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
9.8K
Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate
954
Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily...
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily...
954

