腸に形成されたIgAプラズマ細胞は,髄膜静脈シヌスを守ります

Zachary Fitzpatrick^1,2, Gordon Frazer¹, Ashley Ferro¹

¹Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Nature

|November 5, 2020

まとめ

髄膜にはIgAを分泌するプラズマ細胞がありそれが脳を守ります腸に由来するこれらの細胞は病原体が静脈の中枢神経系に侵入するのを防ぐために不可欠です

科学分野:

神経免疫学
中枢神経系免疫
ユーモラル・イムニティ

背景:

中枢神経系は免疫特権と考えられていましたしかし脳膜には免疫細胞があります
以前の研究はT細胞とマクロファージに焦点を当てて,髄膜 humoral 免疫を無視した.

研究の目的:

膜膜における免疫グロブリンA (IgA) を分泌する血細胞の役割を調査する.
髄膜のIgA生成細胞の起源と機能を決定する.

主な方法:

マウスとヒトの髄膜をIgA分泌するプラズマ細胞の分析
年齢,腸壁の整合性,微生物のコロニー化に関連したIgA血細胞群の調査.
細胞の起源を追跡するB細胞受容体配列
髄膜のプラズマ細胞の減少とIgA欠乏症の実験モデル

主要な成果:

髄膜にはIgAを分泌するプラズマ細胞が含まれており,特にドゥラル静脈鼻腔の近くにある.
年齢や腸内障壁の破裂後に増加する.
これらの細胞は腸に由来し,その存在は腸内微生物群に依存します.
髄膜のプラズマ細胞の枯渇やIgA欠乏は,真菌の捕獲を阻害し,中枢神経系への侵入を増加させる.

結論:

髄膜のIgAプラズマ細胞は,中枢神経系の humoral免疫の重要な構成要素である.
これらの細胞は,脳を防御する上で重要な役割を果たします.
髄膜IgAは,血流から脳に病原体が広がるのを防ぐために不可欠です.

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