資源の保存は遺伝子コードに表れています

Liat Shenhav^1,2, David Zeevi³

¹Center for Studies in Physics and Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|November 6, 2020

まとめ

栄養素の微生物の競争が遺伝子コードを形作りますこの資源の保存は窒素の利用によりヒトを含む生命体全体に変異の保護をもたらします

科学分野:

微生物生態学
分子進化
バイオ情報学

背景:

栄養素の制限は生物間の競争の主要な原動力です
微生物のコード配列に対する栄養素の利用可能性の影響は,まだほとんど研究されていない.
遺伝子配列に対する選択的圧力を理解することは進化生物学にとって極めて重要です

研究の目的:

微生物のコード配列の進化に栄養素の制限がどう影響するかを調べる
遺伝的選択の形成における環境要因,特に窒素の利用可能性の役割を特定する.
遺伝子コードの構造が資源によって引き起こされる変異に対して頑丈性があるかどうかを判断する

主な方法:

海洋微生物からのメタゲノミクスと単細胞データの分析
環境測定を統合し,栄養素の利用可能性に焦点を当てます.
標準的な遺伝子コードの構造とコドン使用パターンの検討

主要な成果:

微生物のゲノムにおける選択の大部分は環境に左右され窒素の利用可能性と関連しています
遺伝子コードはタンパク質の炭素と窒素の含有量を高める変異に対して固有の強度を示しています
この保護メカニズムは微生物からヒトゲノムまで様々な分類に保たれています

結論:

資源主導の選択は,特に窒素に関して,微生物のゲノム進化に大きく影響します.
標準的な遺伝子コードのデザインは本質的に重要な要素を保ちながら変異の強さをもたらします
これらの発見は環境の栄養レベルと生命のあらゆる領域における遺伝子の進化的最適化との根本的な関係を明らかにしています

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