遺伝的に同化された季節的な色彩パターンのゲノム構造
Karin R L van der Burg1, James J Lewis2,3, Benjamin J Brack2
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. krv32@cornell.edu robertreed@cornell.edu.
まとめ
遺伝的 同化 は,環境 の 影響 を 受け た 特徴 を 蝶 に 固定 さ せる
科学分野:
- 進化生物学
- 遺伝学
- フェノタイプの可塑性
背景:
- 進化の可塑性により 生物は環境のシグナルに反応して 異なった表型を 生み出すことができます
- 遺伝的同化とは プラスチック特性が遺伝的に決定されるプロセスですが そのメカニズムは完全に理解されていません
研究 の 目的:
- 蝶の季節性翼色フェノタイプを同化させる遺伝的および分子的メカニズムを調査する.
- 環境によって決定される特性の遺伝的に固定された特性への移行に関与する遺伝子を特定する.
主な方法:
- 自然にプラスチックの蝶 (Junonia coenia) を研究した.
- 選択的な繁殖によって 季節的な翼色のフェノタイプを吸収した
- 内分泌検査とクロマチンのアクセシビリティと形状分析を行った.
- このプロセスに関与する 3つの重要な遺伝子を特徴付けました
主要な成果:
- 同化した翼色フェノタイプに 責任のある3つの遺伝子を特定しました
- 移行は,下流の翼パターニング遺伝子の規制アレルの選択を含むことを実証しました.
- 基本的な環境のシグナル検出メカニズムを 変えることなく 発生したと示しました
結論:
- フェノタイプの可塑性の遺伝的同化には,発達遺伝子の規制要素の選択が含まれます.
- この進化の経路は 環境感知を損なうことなく 精密で組織特有の適応を可能にします
- 環境に起因する変化が どのように遺伝的にコード化されるかについてのメカニズムを提供する.
関連する概念動画
Position-effect Variegation
6.8K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
6.8K
Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses
41.0K
The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
41.0K
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
7.1K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
7.1K
Epistasis
49.2K
In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
49.2K
Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light
27.8K
Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.
27.8K
Light Acquisition
9.1K
In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
9.1K


