新しい冷媒と蒸気圧縮冷却システムの構成
Mark O McLinden1, Christopher J Seeton2, Andy Pearson3
1Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA. mark.mclinden@nist.gov.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 13, 2020
まとめ
環境に優しい冷却剤は,現在の選択肢の地球温暖化の可能性が高いため必要です. このレビューは,安全性と熱力学的トレードオフを考慮して,水素フッ素オレフィン (HFOs) や天然冷媒などの代替品を対象としています.
科学分野:
- 熱力学について
- 環境科学
- 化学工学
背景:
- 蒸気圧縮サイクルにおける現在の冷媒は,高い地球温暖化潜在力 (GWP) を有する.
- そのため,冷却装置の環境に優しい代替品の開発が必要になります.
- 安全性,環境影響,熱力学的効率は,冷媒の選択における重要な制約です.
研究 の 目的:
- 蒸気圧縮サイクルの基本をレビューする.
- 次世代の冷媒の開発を促す制約を分析する.
- 新興の冷媒の選択肢とそのトレードオフについて議論する.
主な方法:
- 冷媒の特性と用途に関する科学文献のレビュー
- 熱力学サイクル分析と環境影響評価
- 燃やす可能性を含む安全性に関する評価
主要な成果:
- 水素フッ素オレフィン (HFO) とHFO混合物は,しばしば軽度の燃焼性を示す重要な開発です.
- 自然の冷媒 (アンモニア,CO2,プロパン,イソブタン) が復活しています.
- 革新的なシステムの設計は,冷媒の負荷を削減し,実行可能な選択肢を広げることができます.
結論:
- 環境に良い影響と安全性や性能を両立させることが,新しい冷媒にとって極めて重要です.
- HFOと天然の選択肢を含む多様な冷媒があります.
- システム設計の革新は,持続可能な冷媒の採用を可能にする上で重要な役割を果たします.
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