アントロポケンの火と生物多様性
Luke T Kelly1, Katherine M Giljohann2, Andrea Duane3
1School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. ltkelly@unimelb.edu.au.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 20, 2020
まとめ
火は生物多様性にとって不可欠ですが 気候変動のような人間の活動により 火災のパターンが変化しています 生物種や生態系を 絶滅から守るためには 人間による影響と火災対策を 統合する必要があります
科学分野:
- エコロジー
- 保護生物学
- 環境科学
背景:
- 火は地球上の生物多様性の 進化の原動力です
- 気候変動,土地利用,侵入種などの 人為的な要因が 火災の仕組みを大きく変化させています
- これらの変化は,種の生存と陸上の生態系の完全性に大きな脅威をもたらします.
研究 の 目的:
- 変化した火災活動が生物多様性や生態系に与える影響を検討する.
- 保護戦略における火の重要な役割を強調する
- 人間活動と火災対策を保全計画に組み込むこと.
主な方法:
- 火災生態学と人為的な影響に関する科学的研究の文献レビュー.
- 火災対策の変化が 絶滅の危険にどう影響するか分析
- 火に関する人間と環境の相互作用に関する現在の理解をまとめます.
主要な成果:
- 人間の活動によって引き起こされる 変化した火災は 地球の生物多様性にとって 大きな脅威です
- 地球の生態系はこれらの変化によって 大きく変化しています
- 火災の役割を明確に考慮しない限り,現在の保全アプローチは不十分かもしれません.
結論:
- 火の重要な役割を認識し対応することは 地球の生物多様性を保全するために不可欠です
- アントロポセンの保全計画では,人間の活動と火災の組み合わせが明示的に組み込まれなければなりません.
- 効果的な生物多様性予測と保全行動の開発には 人間と火と生態系のつながりを統合することが不可欠です
関連する概念動画
01:50Threats to Biodiversity
25.9K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
25.9K
01:24Biodiversity and Human Values
16.0K
Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather patterns and therefore human civilizations.
16.0K
01:50Global Climate Change
28.1K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
28.1K
02:35What is Evolutionary History?
42.2K
Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.
42.2K
01:57What is Conservation Biology?
23.6K
Conservation biology is a scientific field that focuses on the preservation of biodiversity in order to protect ecosystems while meeting the needs of the human population. Humans require properly functioning ecosystems to maintain our supply of natural resources, including food, medicines, and building materials.
23.6K
02:31Habitat Fragmentation
20.5K
Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
20.5K