大麦 の パン ゲノム は,変異 繁殖 の 隠し 遺産 を 明らかに し て い ます
Murukarthick Jayakodi1, Sudharsan Padmarasu1, Georg Haberer2
1Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany.
Nature
|November 26, 2020
まとめ
この研究で初めて大麦の全ゲノムが示され,20種の異なる品種の染色体スケールアセンブリを通じて広範な遺伝的多様性が明らかになりました. 植物の改良と遺伝子研究のために 隠された遺伝的多様性を解き放つ
科学分野:
- ゲノミクス
- 植物学
- 収穫 の 改善
背景:
- 遺伝的多様性は作物の改善に不可欠ですが,単一の参照ゲノムは種の完全な遺伝的多様性 (パンゲノム) を捉えるには不十分です.
- 大麦 (Hordeum vulgare L.) は重要な穀物作物で,幅広い適応性があり,包括的なゲノム資源を必要とします.
研究 の 目的:
- 20種類のバラエティのクロモソームスケールの配列アセンブリを生成することによって,第1世代のバラエティパンゲノムを構築する.
- 遺伝子の存在/不在の変異を分類し,定量的な特徴分析のために構造的変異を調査する.
主な方法:
- 全ゲノムショットガン配列の 300の遺伝子バンク アクセス.
- クロモソームスケール配列組の構築 20 代表的な大麦の遺伝子型.
- 大きな逆転を含むゲノムの存在/不在の変異と構造的変異の分析.
主要な成果:
- クロモソームスケールアセンブリを 20種類のバラエティで生成し,最初のバラエティパンゲノムを形成しました.
- 広範囲にわたるゲノム存在/欠席の変異をカタログに登録し,豊富な大規模な逆転多形性を特定しました.
- エリート大麦の生殖プラズマの2つの頻繁な逆転の詳細な分析,一つは変異繁殖,もう一つは地理的範囲の拡大に関連しています.
結論:
- 最初の世代の大麦パンゲノムは 以前から隠されていた遺伝的多様性へのアクセスを大幅に強化します
- この資源は,高度な遺伝学研究を促進し,大麦の改良のための育種プログラムを加速します.
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