機能的適応型ランドスケープは,四肢の起源における地上の能力を予測する
Blake V Dickson1, Jennifer A Clack2, Timothy R Smithson2
1Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. bdickson@g.harvard.edu.
Nature
|November 26, 2020
まとめ
テトラポッドにおける陸上の移動の進化は,生態学と系統学によって引き起こされた,腕骨の形の変化を含んでいた. 幹四足類は陸上移動の早期の能力を示し,後には冠四足類で効果的な足の動きが進化した.
科学分野:
- 古生物学
- 進化生物学
- バイオメカニクス
背景:
- テトラポッドの進化における水上から陸上への移動は議論されている.
- この変化を理解するには 化石の証拠が必要ですが 孤立した要素により より深い洞察が得られます
研究 の 目的:
- 陸上の移動の進化を再構築する.
- 翼から四肢への移行期における 機能的多様性や適応性について 研究する.
主な方法:
- 絶滅したテトラポドモルフから 立体的に保存された40匹のヒュメリの分析
- 機能的に情報提供された生態学的適応型風景の適用
- 背骨の形状と機能の進化的変化を再構成する.
主要な成果:
- 軟骨の形状の進化は,機能的なトレードオフで,生態学と系統学の影響を受けています.
- 水生魚と陸生コロナ四足類には 独特の適応性がある.
- 幹四足類は初期の陸上運動能力を持ち,冠四足類の有効な四肢ベースの運動を先行した.
結論:
- 陸上の移動能力は,幹四足の四肢の進化によって生まれました.
- 初期の陸地探検では 幹四足類が 移行歩道を採用していた可能性が高い.
- 陸上の四足の効率的な移動と多様化は,祖先の"L形"の腕の喪失に続いてきた.
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