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Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

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The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
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Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

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The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
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Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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The Unfolded Protein Response01:37

The Unfolded Protein Response

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The ER is the hub of protein synthesis in a cell. It has robust systems to quality control protein folding and also for degradation of terminally misfolded proteins. Under normal conditions, a small proportion of misfolded proteins that cannot be salvaged need to be transported to the cytoplasm by the ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathways. However, if the ERAD cannot handle the misfolded proteins, the cell activates the unfolded protein response or UPR to adjust the protein folding...
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Nov 28, 2025

Rapid Isolation of the Mitoribosome from HEK Cells
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Rapid Isolation of the Mitoribosome from HEK Cells

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延長はミトリボソーム関連品質管理を活性化する.

Nirupa Desai1, Hanting Yang1, Viswanathan Chandrasekaran1

  • 1MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 27, 2020
PubMed
まとめ

研究者らはヒトのミトコンドリアリボソーム (ミトリボソーム) の質管理経路を発見し,停止したタンパク質合成を救出しました. 鍵となるタンパク質は新生鎖とtRNAを排出し,酸化リン酸化複合体の適切な機能を保証する.

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Using SecM Arrest Sequence as a Tool to Isolate Ribosome Bound Polypeptides
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Using SecM Arrest Sequence as a Tool to Isolate Ribosome Bound Polypeptides

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Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation
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Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Nov 28, 2025

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09:33

Rapid Isolation of the Mitoribosome from HEK Cells

Published on: October 4, 2018

11.6K
Using SecM Arrest Sequence as a Tool to Isolate Ribosome Bound Polypeptides
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Using SecM Arrest Sequence as a Tool to Isolate Ribosome Bound Polypeptides

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Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation
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科学分野:

  • 細胞生物学
  • 分子生物学
  • 生物化学

背景:

  • 人間のミトコンドリアリボソーム (ミトリボソーム) は,13の必須酸化リン酸化 (OXPHOS) サブユニット合成に不可欠である.
  • ミトリボソームの機能は 細胞のエネルギー生産に不可欠です

研究 の 目的:

  • 停滞したミトリボソームの品質管理経路を発見し特徴づけること
  • リボソーム救済の構造的メカニズムを解明する.

主な方法:

  • クリオ電子顕微鏡 (cryo-EM) で,3. 1から4. 4アングストームの解像度.
  • タンパク質-RNAとタンパク質の相互作用の生化学分析

主要な成果:

  • リボソーム救出中に閉じ込められたミトリボソームの大きなサブユニットの構造が決定されました.
  • C12orf65 (mtRF-R) とC6orf203 (MTRES1) を新生鎖とペプチジル-tRNAを排出する重要な要因として特定した.
  • ミトリボソームの生体生成因子の質管理中介物質への注入が観察された.
  • 伸縮因子とOxa1Lを備えた伸縮ミトリボソームの構造を提供した.

結論:

  • ミトリボソームと関連した新しい品質管理経路が 延伸中に停止した翻訳を救います
  • mtRF-RとMTRES1はミトリボソームの救済に重要な役割を果たしています.
  • ミトリボソーム生物生成因子は,品質管理に追加的な役割を持っています.