子供の聴覚障害: 概要

Judith E C Lieu¹, Margaret Kenna^2,3, Samantha Anne⁴

¹Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri.

JAMA

|December 1, 2020

まとめ

子供の頃の聴覚障害は 18歳までに 5人に1人に及ぶ. 早期の診断と介入は聴覚器具や頭インプラントなど言語や認知の発達に極めて重要です

科学分野:

小児聴覚科
発達に関する小児科
遺伝学

背景:

幼児期の聴覚障害は18歳までにおよそ20%の子供に影響を及ぼします
治療を受けない難聴は言語,認知,学習の発達に悪影響を及ぼします
エチオロジーは多様で生まれつきの感染症や遺伝的要因や創傷のような得られた原因があります

研究の目的:

子どもの聴覚障害の診断と治療の見直し
早期発見と介入の重要性を強調する
聴覚回復のための様々な戦略について話し合うこと

主な方法:

聴覚障害の疑い,タイプ,程度,発症を基にした総合的な評価.
エチオロジカルな要因と,頭蓋骨の放射線被曝などの追加的な変数を考慮する.
現在の聴覚回復の選択肢のレビュー

主要な成果:

子どもの聴覚障害の診断と治療は進歩しています
早期の診断と病因の理解は,予後と家族カウンセリングに役立ちます.
補聴器,頭インプラント,補助器具など,様々な治療法があります.

結論:

幼児期の聴覚障害の早期発見と治療は不可欠です
聴覚障害の原因を理解すると,治療と助言を調整することができます.
適切な補聴器や介入を活用することで発達成果を最適化できます

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