出生時に活性化される脳幹ペプチド系は,出産後の呼吸を保護する
Yingtang Shi1, Daniel S Stornetta1, Robert J Reklow2
1Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Nature
|December 3, 2020
まとめ
新たに発見された神経ペプチド系である pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) は,新生児の呼吸を始める上で極めて重要です. このシステムは出生直後の呼吸機能をサポートし,子宮外生命への移行を助けます.
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 呼吸器の生理学
- 発達生物学
背景:
- 呼吸の調節は 発達初期に脆弱です
- 最初の呼吸を支える神経機構は 完全に理解されていません
- 胎外生命への移行は 呼吸に重大な問題を抱えています
研究 の 目的:
- 呼吸を制御する神経系を 特定するためです
- 新生児の呼吸制御における神経ペプチドの役割を調査する.
- 生後呼吸器の調整の分子メカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- 特定の神経ペプチド系を欠いた遺伝子組み換えマウスを利用した.
- pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) がレトロタペゾイド核 (RTN) のニューロンに作用することを研究した.
- PACAPとその受容体 (PAC1) が呼吸活動とCO2刺激に与える影響を調べました.
主要な成果:
- RTNニューロンにPACAPが欠けていたマウスは,アプネアの増加とCO2刺激による呼吸の減少を示した.
- 前ボツィンガー複合体におけるPACAP受容体PAC1の消去は,これらの呼吸器の欠陥を模倣した.
- RTNニューロンのPACAP発現の特異的な産後急増は,出生時に観察され,環境への曝露と相関していました.
結論:
- RTNニューロンの適切なタイミングでのPACAP発現は,出生後の重要な呼吸器の駆動を可能にします.
- 呼吸を支えるために,前ボツィンガー複合体の受容体PAC1を介して作用する.
- このペプチダージック神経回路は 脆弱な新生期における呼吸器の安定に不可欠です
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