TNF-α と IFN-γ の相乗効果は,SARS-CoV-2 感染およびサイトカインショック症候群における炎症性細胞死,組織損傷および死亡率を誘発する
Rajendra Karki1, Bhesh Raj Sharma1, Shraddha Tuladhar1
1Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
Cell
|December 5, 2020
まとめ
腫瘍死滅因子-α (TNF-α) とインターフェロン-ガンマ (IFN-γ) は,特定の細胞死,PANoptosisを誘発し,COVID-19モデルの重症な炎症と死亡率を引き起こします. この経路を阻害することで 致死性サイトカインショックと感染を防ぐことができます
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- 細胞生物学
- 病理学について
背景:
- COVID-19は過剰な炎症性サイトカインと肺損傷に関連しています.
- 様々なサイトカインが関与していますが,致死性炎症の特定のトリガーは調査中です.
研究 の 目的:
- 炎症性細胞死を誘発する特定のサイトカインを特定する.
- サイトカイン誘発細胞死亡のメカニズムと疾患におけるその役割を解明する.
- この細胞死経路を標的とした 治療戦略を評価する
主な方法:
- 細胞をTNF-αとIFN-γで併用する.
- PANoptosisを含む炎症性細胞死経路の分析
- JAK/STAT1/IRF1軸の活性化と酸化窒素の生成
- サイトカインショックとSARS-CoV-2感染のマウスモデルを用いた体内研究.
- TNF-αとIFN-γに対する中和抗体の投与
主要な成果:
- TNF-αとIFN-γの組み合わせのみが炎症性細胞死の一種であるPANOPTOSISを誘発した.
- この併用治療により,JAK/ STAT1/ IRF1軸が活性化され,酸化窒素の生成とカスパース-8/ FADD媒介のPANOPTOSISが発生した.
- TNF-αとIFN-γで治療されたマウスは,COVID-19の病理性を反映した致死性サイトカインショックを経験した.
- PANoptosisはマウスを死亡や組織損傷から保護しました.
- TNF-αおよびIFN-γに対する中和抗体は,感染および炎症性疾患のモデルにおける死亡率に対する保護を与えました.
結論:
- TNF-αとIFN-γは,COVID-19やその他の重症疾患における炎症と死亡率の主要な要因であるPANOPTOSISを相乗効果で誘発する.
- この特定のサイトカイン誘発の炎症性細胞死経路をターゲットにすることで,組織損傷を管理し,感染性および自己炎症性疾患のアウトカムを改善する潜在的な治療戦略を提供します.
関連する概念動画
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
7.3K
The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
7.3K
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway
10.6K
Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as SH2...
10.6K
T Cell Types and Functions
1.8K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.8K
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway
8.9K
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
8.9K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
6.2K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
6.2K
Inflammatory Response
15.2K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
15.2K


