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Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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Capillarity in Fluid01:19

Capillarity in Fluid

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Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
Surface tension is crucial to capillarity. It results from cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the liquid-air boundary, forming a skin that resists external forces. When the capillary tube...
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Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...
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Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube01:18

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When very thin cylindrical tubes, called capillaries, are dipped in a liquid, the liquid rises or falls in the tube compared to the surrounding liquid. This phenomenon is called capillary action. Capillary action occurs due to the combination of two opposing forces: the cohesive forces of the liquid, which cause it to stick to itself and form a rounded shape, and the adhesive forces between the liquid and the walls of the container, which cause the liquid to be attracted to the container walls.
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the...
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Author Spotlight: Developing Synthetic Cells from Programmable Amphiphilic DNA Nanostructures
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原子スケールでの毛細血管凝縮

Qian Yang1,2, P Z Sun3,4, L Fumagalli4

  • 1National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. qian.yang-2@manchester.ac.uk.

Nature
|December 10, 2020
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

ケルヴィン方程式は,単一の水層を保持する原子規模の毛細血管における水の凝縮を正確に記述します. この驚くべき発見は 毛細血管の壁の変形によるもので 顕微鏡のモデルが壊れたものではないのです

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科学分野:

  • 物理化学
  • 材料科学
  • ナノテクノロジー

背景:

  • 毛細血管による水の凝縮は 自然界や産業において極めて重要であり 粘着や潤滑などの性質に影響します
  • ケルビン方程式は凝縮に広く用いられているが,ナノスケールの毛細血管では失敗すると予想される.
  • 分子レベルでの凝縮の理解は多くの技術的な応用に不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 特にケルヴィン方程式が分解すると予測される原子規模の毛細血管における水の凝縮を調査する.
  • 分子スケールでのマクロ濃縮モデルの有効性を探求する.
  • 閉じ込められた環境における毛細血管の凝縮を制御するメカニズムを解明する.

主な方法:

  • ヴァン・デル・ワールスの2次元結晶の組み合わせを使って 原子規模の毛細血管を作りました
  • 4アングストローム未満の高さの毛細血管内の水凝縮を研究した.
  • 凝縮移行を観察し分析するために実験的技術を使用した.

主要な成果:

  • マクロスコープのケルビン方程式は,原子スケールでの水性 (ミカ) 毛細血管における水の凝縮を正確に記述した.
  • ケルヴィン方程式は,弱水性 (グラファイト) 毛細血管に対して質的に有効であった.
  • 毛細血管壁の弾性変形が期待される分子規模の振動的行動を抑制することを観察した.

結論:

  • 原子スケールでのケルビン方程式の精度は 毛細血管壁の弾性によって説明されます
  • 非常に狭い空間での凝縮を 驚くほど説明できます
  • 毛細血管現象の理解を 最小限のスケールで進めています