は,細菌由来の免疫因子を持つ皮膚共生体に抵抗する
Beth M Hayes1, Atanas D Radkov1, Fauna Yarza1
1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Cell
|December 11, 2020
まとめ
黒足の (Ixodes scapularis) は,哺乳類の皮膚微生物を殺すために,細菌毒素である家畜化アミダースエフェクター2 (dae2) を使用します. この毒素はダニに有害なバクテリアを 標的にしますが ライム病の病原体にはなりません
科学分野:
- 微生物学
- 媒介性疾患の研究
- ティックと微生物の相互作用
背景:
- ヒトの病原菌を含む多数の微生物の媒介者であり,ヒトを中心とした研究アプローチにつながります.
- 病原体自体については 解明が困難です
- 病原菌との相互作用を理解することは 病原菌による病気の制御に不可欠です
研究 の 目的:
- 横に吸収された細菌の毒素が ティックの防御メカニズムに与える影響を調べる
- 黒足のニワトリで見つかった家畜のアミダースエフェクター2 (dae2) の毒素の活性スペクトルを決定する.
- 細菌の毒性の文脈依存性を調査する
主な方法:
- Ixodes scapularisの家畜化されたアミダースエフェクター2 (dae2) 毒素の特定と特徴付け
- ティックの唾液と腸内分泌の分析
- 哺乳類の皮膚微生物とBorrelia burgdorferiを含む様々な微生物種に対する dae2の有効性の試験
主要な成果:
- バクテリアから得られたDAE2毒素は,黒足のによって分泌されます.
- デー2は,ダニに害を与えるかもしれないスタフィロコーキなどの哺乳類の皮膚の微生物を効果的に殺します.
- デー2は,ライム病の病原体であるBorrelia burgdorferiに対する内在的な毒性を示さない.
結論:
- 虫には 害を与える微生物に対して 防御するメカニズムがあります たとえ その微生物が宿主に 寄生しているとしてもです
- 微生物の毒性は固定されず 生態学的状況に依存します
- この研究は 病原体という概念を 再定義しつつ とその共生生物と 宿主に関連する微生物の複雑な相互作用を 強調しています
関連する概念動画
01:26Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
13.1K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
13.1K
01:23Skin Diseases and Disorders
4.9K
Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
4.9K
01:31Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
1.8K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
1.8K
01:26Defense Mechanism Against Infection
8.2K
Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
8.2K
01:18Surface Membrane Barriers
2.1K
The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
2.1K
01:24T Cell Types and Functions
1.8K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.8K