青少年と成人におけるB型肝炎ウイルス感染のスクリーニング:米国予防サービスタスクフォースの勧告声明
, Alex H Krist1,2, Karina W Davidson3
1Fairfax Family Practice Residency, Fairfax, Virginia.
JAMA
|December 15, 2020
まとめ
B型肝炎ウイルス (HBV) 感染のスクリーニングは,リスクの高い若者や成人に推奨されます. 検診による早期発見は 重篤な肝疾患の予防に適度な利点をもたらします
科学分野:
- ヘパトロジー
- 感染症
- 予防医学
背景:
- B型肝炎 ウイルス (HBV) の 慢性 的 感染 は,米国 で 862,000 人 に 及ぶ と 推定 さ れ て い ます.
- リスクの高い集団には,感染率が高い地域で生まれた人,注射薬物中毒者,同性愛者,HIV感染者などが含まれる.
- 多くの感染者は自分の状態を知らないため,診断が遅れてしまい,肝硬変や末期肝疾患に進行する可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- B型肝炎ウイルス (HBV) のスクリーニングに関する2014年の勧告を更新する.
- 検診と抗ウイルス療法の利益と害を評価し,中間的および健康的な結果を予防する.
- 代替のHBVスクリーニング戦略とリスク識別ツールの評価
主な方法:
- 2014年から2019年8月に発表されたランダム化臨床試験とコホート研究の体系的レビュー.
- スクリーニングの利点,害,診断の正確性に関する新しい証拠に焦点を当てた.
- 代替スクリーニング戦略とリスク評価ツールの分析が含まれています.
主要な成果:
- リスクの高い若者や成人のHBV感染のスクリーニングは,中程度の純利益をもたらします.
- 無症状の感染を特定するためのスクリーニングの利点は証拠に裏付けられています.
- このレビューでは,スクリーニング戦略とリスクの階層化に関する新しいデータも検討した.
結論:
- 米国予防サービスタスクフォース (USPSTF) は,リスクのある集団でHBV感染のスクリーニングを推奨しています.
- この勧告 (グレードB) は,科学的根拠に基づいた勧告である.
- B型肝炎の早期発見と管理にはスクリーニングが不可欠です.
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