湿地の保護と復元を通じて,米国における窒素除去を最大化すること
F Y Cheng1, K J Van Meter2, D K Byrnes1
1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Nature
|December 17, 2020
まとめ
湿地は窒素 (N) の汚染を大幅に除去できますが,その有効性は場所によって制限されています. 湿地の面積を戦略的に増やすことで,窒素の除去が倍増し,影響を受けた流域の水質が改善されます.
科学分野:
- 環境科学
- エコロジー
- 水学
背景:
- 人口増加と農業が 河川の窒素量を増やしています
- 窒素が増えると 沿岸部に酸素が不足し 有害な藻類が咲きます
- 個々の湿地は窒素除去の可能性を示していますが,景観規模の影響は不明です.
研究 の 目的:
- アメリカ合衆国の湿地の窒素除去能力を定量化する.
- 湿地の空間的分布が窒素除去効率に与える影響を評価する.
- 湿地の面積の増加が窒素負荷と水質に与える影響をモデル化する.
主な方法:
- 湿地調査のデータを活用した.
- 窒素の入力と出力の5キロメートルのグリッドスケールの見積もりを使用しました.
- 湿地面積の目標増加を評価するためのモデルシミュレーションを実施した.
主要な成果:
- 現在の米国湿地の窒素除去量は年間約860±160キロトンです.
- 湿地と窒素ホットスポットの間の空間的不一致によって窒素除去が制限されます.
- 湿地の面積を10%増やすと,窒素の除去が2倍になる可能性がある.
- この拡大により,影響を受けた流域の窒素負荷は推定54%減少する.
結論:
- 戦略的な湿地の修復と保護は水質の改善に不可欠です.
- 特にミシシッピ川流域のような流域では,湿地面積の増加により窒素の除去に大きな利点があります.
- 湿地の拡大は窒素の除去だけでなく,洪水対策と生息地の提供を含む重要な生態系サービスを提供しています.
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