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関連する概念動画

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.9K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
2.9K
Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

2.4K
Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
2.4K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

3.1K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into...
3.1K
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

8.9K
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
8.9K
Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

2.2K
The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic...
2.2K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

2.3K
The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
2.3K

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Updated: Nov 23, 2025

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
06:49

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Published on: April 22, 2016

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バクテリア・レドックス・ポテンシャル・パワーズ・コントロールド・ラジカル・ポリメリゼーション

Mitchell D Nothling1, Hanwei Cao2, Thomas G McKenzie1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 29, 2020
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

バクテリア

さらに関連する動画

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
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Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

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Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
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Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Nov 23, 2025

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
06:49

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

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Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
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Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

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Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
07:39

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: June 8, 2016

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科学分野:

  • 微生物学
  • ポリマー化学
  • 合成生物学

背景:

  • 細菌は複雑な電子輸送システムをエネルギーとして利用し,細胞外で電子を放出します.
  • バクテリアの増殖は,微生物要因の影響による酸化還元能力 (Eh) の低下を引き起こします.

研究 の 目的:

  • バクテリアの還元力を利用して アビオティック・ラジカルを生成する
  • バクテリアの電子流出を用いた バイオオートホーゴナル分子合成を開発する.

主な方法:

  • Escherichia coliとSalmonella entericaをモデル生物として使用した.
  • アリルディアゾニウム塩で細菌の末端呼吸器の電子流入に介入した.
  • リバーシブル・アディション・フラグメンテーション・チェーン・トランスファー (BacRAFT) によるバイオオートホーゴナル・コントロールド・ラジカル・ポリメリゼーションを開始.

主要な成果:

  • バクテリアの代謝とレドックス活性シャトルの媒介による無生物的急性生成が実証されている.
  • 合成細胞外マトリックスを生成する 制御された基質ポリメリゼーションを達成した.
  • 分子重量と分散度が低い合成ビニールポリマー

結論:

  • バクテリアの還元力は標的分子合成のために破壊することができます.
  • この方法によって 生命体を作り出すことができます
  • 適応性や自己再生性のある素材のデザインに 新たな可能性を秘めています