SARS-CoV-2肺炎における感染したマクロファージとT細胞間の回路
Rogan A Grant1, Luisa Morales-Nebreda1, Nikolay S Markov1
1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Nature
|January 11, 2021
まとめ
重症急性呼吸器症候群コロナウイルス2型 (SARS-CoV-2型) は,肺における持続的な免疫反応を誘発する. アルベオラマクロファージとT細胞はフィードバックループを形成し,重度のCOVID-19肺炎で進行中の炎症を引き起こします.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- ウイルス学
- 肺内科
背景:
- 重症急性呼吸器症候群コロナウイルス2 (SARS-CoV-2) は重症肺炎および急性呼吸器障害症候群 (ARDS) を引き起こす可能性があります.
- SARS-CoV-2 感染時の肺膜内の特定の免疫反応は完全に理解されていませんが,他の肺炎と異なる可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- SARS-CoV-2の病理生物学を,感染した患者の肺弁の免疫反応を特徴づけることによって調査する.
- SARS-CoV-2 感染における肺膜の免疫環境を他の肺炎と比較する.
主な方法:
- SARS-CoV-2呼吸器不全の88人の患者および他の肺炎の211人の患者から採取された肺膜洗浄液.
- 分析のためにフローサイトメトリーと大量トランスクリプトミアプロファイリングを使用した.
- 静脈管注入後48時間以内に重度のCOVID-19患者のサンプルで単細胞RNA配列を解析した.
主要な成果:
- ほとんどのSARS-CoV-2に感染した患者の膜空間は,T細胞と単細胞の持続的な増殖を示した.
- トランスクリプトミカルプロファイリングは,SARS-CoV-2がアルベオラマクロファージに感染し,T細胞の化学吸引物質の生成につながることを示した.
- SARS-CoV-2に感染したアルベオラマクロファージとT細胞がインターフェロン-γとサイトカインの放出によって持続的なアルベオラ炎症を促進するポジティブなフィードバックループが特定されました.
結論:
- SARS-CoV-2 感染症は,独特で,ゆっくりと発症し,局所的な肺炎を引き起こす.
- T細胞とアルベオラマクロファージの相互作用のサイクルが,重度のCOVID-19中にアルベオルの持続的な炎症を引き起こす.
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