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研究分野生物学的科学エコロジー種の発生と絶滅
野狼は古代の新しい世界の犬の系統の最後のものでした

野狼は古代の新しい世界の犬の系統の最後のものでした

Angela R Perri ¹, Kieren J Mitchell ², Alice Mouton ³, Sandra Álvarez-Carretero ⁴, Ardern Hulme-Beaman ^5,6, James Haile ⁷, Alexandra Jamieson ⁷, Julie Meachen ⁸, Audrey T Lin ^7,9,10, Blaine W Schubert ¹¹, Carly Ameen ¹², Ekaterina E Antipina ¹³, Pere Bover ¹⁴, Selina Brace ¹⁵, Alberto Carmagnini ⁴, Christian Carøe ¹⁶, Jose A Samaniego Castruita ¹⁶, James C Chatters ¹⁷, Keith Dobney ^5,18,19,20, Mario Dos Reis ⁴, Allowen Evin ²¹, Philippe Gaubert ²², Shyam Gopalakrishnan ¹⁶, Graham Gower ²³, Holly Heiniger ²³, Kristofer M Helgen ²⁴, Josh Kapp ²⁵, Pavel A Kosintsev ^26,27, Anna Linderholm ^7,28, Andrew T Ozga ^29,30,31, Samantha Presslee ³², Alexander T Salis ²³, Nedda F Saremi ²⁵, Colin Shew ³, Katherine Skerry ³⁰, Dmitry E Taranenko ³³, Mary Thompson ³⁴, Mikhail V Sablin ³⁵, Yaroslav V Kuzmin ^36,37, Matthew J Collins ^16,38, Mikkel-Holger S Sinding ^16,39, M Thomas P Gilbert ^16,40, Anne C Stone ^29,30,41, Beth Shapiro ^25,42, Blaire Van Valkenburgh ³, Robert K Wayne ³, Greger Larson ⁷, Alan Cooper ⁴³, Laurent A F Frantz ^44,45

Angela R Perri ¹, Kieren J Mitchell ², Alice Mouton ³

¹Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, UK. angela.r.perri@durham.ac.uk.
²Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. kieren.mitchell@adelaide.edu.au.
³Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
⁴School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
⁵Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
⁶School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
⁷The Palaeogenomics & Bio-Archaeology Research Network, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and History of Art, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
⁸Department of Anatomy, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA.
⁹Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
¹⁰Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.
¹¹Center of Excellence in Paleontology & Department of Geosciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
¹²Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
¹³Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
¹⁴ARAID Foundation, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales (IUCA) - Aragosaurus Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
¹⁵Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK.
¹⁶Section for Evolutionary Genomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
¹⁷Applied Paleoscience, Bothell, WA, USA.
¹⁸Department of Archaeology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
¹⁹Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
²⁰Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.
²¹Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution - Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France.
²²Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique, UPS/CNRS/IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
²³Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
²⁴Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
²⁵Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
²⁶Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia.
²⁷Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia.
²⁸Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
²⁹Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
³⁰School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
³¹Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
³²Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK.
³³Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
³⁴Idaho Museum of Natural History, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA.
³⁵Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia.
³⁶Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
³⁷Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
³⁸McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
³⁹Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland.
⁴⁰NTNU University Museum, Trondheim, Norway.
⁴¹Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
⁴²Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
⁴³South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
⁴⁴School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. laurent.frantz@gmail.com.
⁴⁵Palaeogenomics Group, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany. laurent.frantz@gmail.com.

⁰Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, UK. angela.r.perri@durham.ac.uk.

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2021年1月14日

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PubMedで要約を見る

まとめ

この要約は機械生成です。

常見の肉食動物である野狼は孤立して進化した独特の系統でした数百万年前に現代の犬から分離しグレーオオカミやコヨーテと交配しなかったことが遺伝子分析によって明らかになりました

科学分野

パレオゲノミクス
進化生物学
古生物学

背景

オオカミ (Aenocyon dirus) は,アメリカ大陸で豊富に生息していたプレイストセンのメガファウナである.
進化の歴史と現代の犬類との関係は十分に理解されていない.

研究の目的

オオカミの進化史と系統的位置を再構築する
極狼と他の北米の犬類の間の遺伝子の流れを調査するために

主な方法

サブ化石の5つの狼のゲノムの配列化 (13,000〜50,000年以上).
現存する種と絶滅した種を比較したゲノム分析

主要な成果

オオカミは非常に異なった系統で約570万年前に生きていた犬類から分離しました
ひどい狼と北米の灰色の狼やコヨーテの交配の証拠は見つかりませんでした
ゲノムデータは,ユーラシアの犬類の祖先とは異なる,恐ろしい狼の初期の新世界起源を支持しています.

結論

野生のオオカミは孤立して進化し,イヌ科の中で別々の進化の軌道をたどった.
独特の系統と混合の欠如は北アメリカにおける進化の軌跡を強調しています
恐竜の進化を理解することでプレイストセンの生態系の動態と肉食動物の多様化についての洞察が得られます

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