陸軍訓練生における発熱性急性呼吸器疾患の建物関連リスク
J F Brundage1, R M Scott, W M Lednar
1Division of Preventive Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC 20307-5100.
JAMA
|April 8, 1988
まとめ
閉じた換気システムを備えた現代的でエネルギー効率の高い建物は,呼吸器感染症のリスクを高めることがあります. 研究によると,近代的な兵舎に収容されている研修生では,高齢者と比較して発熱性急性呼吸器疾患の発生率が高いことが示されています.
科学分野:
- 環境衛生 環境衛生 環境衛生
- 感染症疫学 感染症疫学
- ビルディング・サイエンス・サイエンス
背景:
- 空気中での感染症や室内の大気汚染物質の伝播は,呼吸器疾患と関連しています.
- エネルギー節約の措置は,しばしば,より緊密な建物の建設につながります.
- 集まった環境での呼吸器感染症のリスクに対する建物密度の影響は完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- エネルギー効率の良い建物の設計が呼吸器感染症のリスクを増加させるという仮説を検証する.
- 発熱性急性呼吸器疾患の発生率を現代の旧兵舎と比較するために.
- 病気の伝染における建物の換気システムの役割を評価する.
主な方法:
- 発熱性急性呼吸器疾患の発生率を比較した47ヶ月の観察研究.
- 4つのアメリカ陸軍訓練センターで実施された研究.
- 現代の (エネルギー効率の高い) 兵舎と古い兵舎の基本訓練生との比較.
主要な成果:
- 発熱性急性呼吸器疾患の発生率は,現代の兵舎で著しく高かった.
- 現代の兵舎での発熱性急性呼吸器疾患の調整された相対リスク推定値は1.51 (95%CI,1.46から1.56) でした.
- 相対リスクは4つのトレーニングセンター全体で一貫していました.
結論:
- 閉じた換気システムを備えた狭い建物では,呼吸器感染症のリスクが著しく増加します.
- 現代的な兵舎の集まった,免疫的に感受性の高い居住者は,より高いリスクがあります.
- 建物の設計と換気は,共有された生活空間における感染症の伝播を管理する上で重要な役割を果たします.
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