気候変動の影響で砂漠の哺乳類や鳥類の群れが安定したり崩壊したりしています
E A Riddell1,2, K J Iknayan3,4, L Hargrove5
1Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 5, 2021
まとめ
気候変動や温暖化は生物多様性を脅かしています モハベ砂漠の小型の哺乳類は安定したままであり,鳥の数は温暖化と乾燥により減少し,極度の温度をバッファリングするマイクロハビタートの使用の重要性を強調しました.
科学分野:
- エコロジー
- 気候変動の生物学
- 保護生物学
背景:
- 気候変動は地球上の生物多様性にとって重大な脅威となり 種を絶滅させる可能性があります
- 種は極端な温度の影響を軽減する様々なメカニズムを持ち,その脆弱性に影響します.
- 気候変動への曝露を評価する際には,種別適応を無視する可能性がある広範な予測が用いられます.
研究 の 目的:
- 気候変動への対応として 哺乳類や鳥類の長期的安定性を比較する
- ミクロハビタット利用が 温暖化への影響を媒介する役割を調査する.
- ミクロハビタットバッファリングを考慮せずに,種の反応を予測する気候予測の正確さを評価する.
主な方法:
- モハベ砂漠の保護区で 小型の哺乳類と鳥類の比較調査を行いました
- 種占有率とサイトレベルの豊かさの変化を分析した.
- 鳥と哺乳類の熱曝露を区別するために熱流シミュレーションを使用しました.
主要な成果:
- 小型の哺乳類群は,研究期間中に著しい安定性を示した.
- 鳥の群れは 温暖化と乾燥傾向と相関して 大きく減少しています
- 熱流のシミュレーションにより,鳥類と哺乳類による微小生息地の利用と関連した,異なる熱被曝が明らかになった.
結論:
- マイクロハビタットの利用は 気候変動による温暖化に対する 種のバッファリングの重要な要因です
- 標準的な気候予測モデルでは,微生物生息地の影響を考慮しないことで,種の被曝を過大評価することがあります.
- 生物多様性への影響を正確に評価するために 保存戦略は微生物生息地に関する考慮事項を統合する必要があります
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