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関連する概念動画

Specific Heat01:16

Specific Heat

The specific heat capacity of a substance refers to the energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of that substance by one degree Celcius. Specific heat capacity is often represented in calories (cal), grams (g), and degrees Celsius (oC), but can also be expressed in joules (J), kilograms (kg), and Kelvin (K), among other units.
For example, increasing the temperature of one gram of water by 1°C requires one calorie of heat energy and can be written as 1 cal/g-°C, or 4186 J/kg/K.
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals01:27

Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals

Lattice energy represents the energy released when gaseous cations and anions combine to form an ionic solid, reflecting the strength of electrostatic interactions within the crystal. This process is fundamentally governed by Coulombic attraction between oppositely charged ions, where the potential energy varies inversely with the interionic distance and directly with the product of ionic charges. As ions approach one another, the electrostatic energy becomes increasingly negative, indicating a...
Strength and Heat of Hydration01:29

Strength and Heat of Hydration

The hydration of cement is an exothermic reaction in which heat is generated as cement hydrates. This heat of hydration is critical to cement's strength development. The rate at which this heat is generated affects the temperature rise, with a majority of the heat being released early in the hydration process, half within the first three days, and about 75% within the first week.
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高エントロピーで安定した高熱電性能のカルコゲニド

Binbin Jiang1, Yong Yu1,2, Juan Cui1

  • 1Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Thermoelectric Materials, Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 19, 2021
PubMed
まとめ

研究者は高エントロピー合金を使って 熱電性材料の性能を向上させました このエントロピー工学のアプローチは,廃棄熱から発電するメリット (zT) を1.8に改善しました.

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科学分野:

  • 材料科学
  • 固体物理学
  • エネルギー変換

背景:

  • 熱電気技術は 廃棄熱を電気に変換する 有望な手段です
  • 熱電装置の普及は,既存の熱電材料の性能が限られているために妨げられています.
  • コンフィギュレーションエントロピーによる物質特性の調整は,これらの制限を克服するための戦略を提示します.

研究 の 目的:

  • 鉛セレニド (PbSe) ベースの材料の熱電性値 (zT) を向上させる.
  • 熱電性能を向上させるための高エントロピー材料の可能性を探求する.
  • エントロピー工学による熱電材料の最適化のための新しいアプローチを実証する.

主な方法:

  • n型PbSe基の高エントロピー物質を合成した
  • エントロピーによる構造的安定化により 材料が形成された
  • 材料の構造と熱的性質を調査し,格子歪みとフォノン散乱に焦点を当てました.

主要な成果:

  • 900 ケルビンで 1.8 のメリット (zT) を達成しました.
  • 歪んだ格子からの異常な切断のせいで,格子熱伝導性が著しく低下した.
  • 温度差 (ΔT) が507ケルビンであるセグメンテッドモジュールで12.3%の熱電変換効率が実証された.

結論:

  • エントロピー工学は,高性能の熱電性材料を開発するための効果的な戦略です.
  • 高エントロピーの材料は 独特の構造特性を有しており 熱電性特性を有しています
  • この研究は,高度な材料設計を通じて熱電気技術の進歩のための新しいパラダイムを確立しています.