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多発性硬化症 の 診断 と 治療 ― 概要
Marisa P McGinley1, Carolyn H Goldschmidt1, Alexander D Rae-Grant1,2
1Cleveland Clinic Mellen Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
JAMA
|February 23, 2021
まとめ
多発性硬化症 (MS) は 中枢神経系疾患で およそ100万人のアメリカ人が罹患しています MS患者の再発率とMRI病変を大幅に減らすことができる.
科学分野:
- 神経免疫学
- 神経変性疾患
背景:
- 多発性硬化症 (MS) は,中枢神経系に影響を及ぼす自己免疫疾患で,脱ミエリン化および軸索損傷を引き起こす.
- アメリカでは約90万人の患者に発症し,通常は若年 (20〜30歳) の成人で発症し,身体的および認知的障害を引き起こす.
- この状態は,緯度によって変化する世界的な罹患率があり,不均衡に女性に影響します (ほぼ3:1の比率).
研究 の 目的:
- 多発性硬化症の診断と治療に関する現在の証拠をレビューする.
- 病気を修正する治療法 (DMT) の有効性と有害性を要約する.
主な方法:
- 診断は2017年のマクドナルド基準に準拠した臨床表現,MRI検査結果 (T2病変),脳脊髄液分析 (オリゴクローン帯) に基づく.
- インターフェロン,グラティラマーアセテート,モノクローナル抗体を含む,再発性寛解性MSおよび二次進行性MSに対する9種類のDMTのレビュー.
- 初次進行性MSに対するオクレリズマブの含有
主要な成果:
- DMTは,プラセボまたは活性比較薬と比較して,年間再発率を29% - 68%減少させる効果を示した.
- また,DMTによる治療は,MRIにおける新しいT2病変とガドリニウム強化病変の減少につながった.
- DMTに関連する副作用には,感染症,心血管疾患,注射部位の反応,および二次性自己免疫疾患が含まれます.
結論:
- 多発性硬化症は 身体的障害や認知障害により 生活の質に重大な影響を及ぼします
- 病気を改変する治療は,MSの活動管理,再発および病変の進行を減らす上で実質的な利点を提供します.
- 進行中のDMTの研究と開発は,MS患者の長期的な結果を改善するために不可欠です.
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