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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

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All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
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Nuclear Fission02:50

Nuclear Fission

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Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Angular Momentum01:21

Angular Momentum

533
Angular momentum characterizes an object's rotational motion and is defined as the moment of its linear momentum about a specified point O. When a particle moves along a curved path in the x-y plane, the scalar formulation calculates the magnitude of its angular momentum, utilizing the moment arm (d), representing the perpendicular distance from point O to the line of action of the linear momentum. Despite being scalar in formulation, angular momentum is inherently a vector quantity. Its...
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Nuclear Stability03:18

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Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
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Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy
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核分裂における角運動量生成

J N Wilson1, D Thisse2, M Lebois2

  • 1Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJC Laboratory, Orsay, France. jonathan.wilson@ijclab.in2p3.fr.

Nature
|February 25, 2021
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

核分裂の断片は 分裂後にモメンタムを得ます 核分裂後のスピン生成は 頸部中の核運動によって引き起こされ,以前の理論に異議を唱え,核反応炉物理と超重元素の研究に影響を与えます

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Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh
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科学分野:

  • 核物理学
  • 核分裂
  • 量子力学

背景:

  • 重い原子核が 核分裂の後に 重要な角運動量で出現するのは 長い間謎でした
  • 既存の理論では,角運動量は,集合的振動モードを通じて核分裂 (前割れ) 前に生成される.
  • 実験データの欠如は,角運動量生成の競合する理論の決定的な検証を妨げています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 核分裂断片における角運動量生成のメカニズムを調査する.
  • スピンは割れ前か割れ後のものかを決定する.
  • 原子核分裂における角運動量生成の新しいモデルを提案する.

主な方法:

  • 核分裂における断片スピンの包括的な実験分析.
  • フラグメントパートナーのスピン間の相関分析
  • 断片スピンの質量と電荷依存性に関する研究.

主要な成果:

  • 分裂断片のパートナー間のスピンは有意な相関関係が見つかりませんでした.
  • 断片の回転は重量に依存しており,歯の分布を示しています.
  • フラグメントスピンは,パートナーの核の質量または電荷に顕著な依存を示さなかった.

結論:

  • 核分裂の角運動は,核が分裂した後に発生する.
  • 提案されたモデルは,破裂した首のニュクレオン運動によって生成された独立したトルクを示唆しています.
  • この発見は原子炉物理学,中性子に富んだ同位体構造,超重元素合成に 影響を及ぼしている.